                         ˿µϣ20051227գ

05.12.27, ӡŭŦԼʱʡ
05.12.27, ϡɺͲɡ
05.12.27, george_chenЦ񡶡ѧӡС
05.12.27, ܴϡйѧȱල
05.12.27, ЦЦ뷨оĵĽ˵
05.12.27, ǡпԺŴ뷢Ѧ±һš
05.12.27, ͷѧѧԺԺӨϮΪ
05.12.27, һġԱ潸ɶ
05.12.27, laoliuά˹ĵӢԭǰҳ̺ĶԱĶ
05.12.27, ĶĶϺҩѧԺ¼֮
05.12.27, ͼԪںͼйض︣ĸ
05.12.27, ֹۡ
05.12.27, blueseaζԴǡɡ
05.12.27, Schtroumpf6ķRacailleǡҡǡظ

˿(www.xys.org)(xys.dxiong.com)(xys.3322.org)(xys.xlogit.com)

                    ŭŦԼʱ

                               ӡ

    2005124ҽӵŦԼʱJim Yardley绰ϣܾŭ
鵱ɷҡҵʱԤϸñıйαʿܾ˵
õҪҪõʼɷãԱܸϸµػشӶеⲢ
Լʴ¼127ոüõʼҷ⣬ҵ˻ش
üߴյҵĻش𣬲˵нһٺϵ1226գ
ŦԼʱǳüдıйġŭ֮ӡѰҹSeeking 
a Public Voice on China's 'Angry River'ñرա
˷ŭӵĿЩ˵һЩʵ֮ʵʵ
ơŭйʣʵĺ֮һԷԷʿı
ֻһ䡰λѧ߷ŭгɴӿͨ
ʿ˹ڹ㷺ĹעTwo prominent scholars toured the Nu - on 
a trip sponsored by dam developers - and attracted wide public attention 
by attacking the environmentalists.ûбҵĿҲûб
ԺʿĹ۵㣨֪üҲɷ˺Ժʿڰüߵʴ
Ĺ£Ӣԭĸ󣬹ο

һʣʲôʱ״˵ŭģΪʲôȥ

ȥʥںХ֮й֪ʶ֮䷢һйǡش
ȻĹϵۡһЩʿŮʿҲѲ
κХϲԵľ棬ǴȻĳͷӦó
ݺηȻֹͣôȻҾֹ۵ǳƣд˼ƪ
УʿἰŭĿ˵ŭй
һԭָ̬ûнӣ̬״ã
ӦΪ״˵йŭ顣3·ݣ
ŮʿͬһĳѵҵĿǹ
Ϸֺͽ¶ţĿǹŭġڽгʾƯ
Ƭŭԭʼ״̬͵ؾҸгӡ
֪ǲġ󣬺Ժʿ֪ͨиŭĻᣬ
Ҳμӡ³ŭг̳һܡΪҵĽ
ѧѧרҵҪעŭ̬ҷǳ𾪵ؿŭһ
̬ͻʵѱľĹ
ɵģɭ֡ء·ȵȣ⣬1990ŭΣ
ڣӡνԭ̬ǸԡҲǳ𾪵
Ⲣؾڼƶ֮У˾벻1000Ԫң
ŭ֮ϴѧݽʿûԺϢ󵼹
ڡҵݽ¼ϹΪΪҾⳡˣΪ
ʿҪĿꡣ

ʣΪʲôΪôĿӦ

ҵݽѼᵽģҲڴʹôĿ
Ҳָ֧ĿǷûԺϢԸĿҲˮר
ңҶûʲô⡣⣬Ҳ˵ȻŭĻ⵽ƻ
ǾͲӦùͽӵˡֻ˵ǾҪһˮ
ӣʧ񡰻ʿƵô෴أӺܿĳЩ
汣Ļ磬ͨı䵱ؾʽֹͣɭֺ͸
أΪص̬ṩ㹻ʽ𡣣һϤŭĿǰ
ڻԤÿֻ2Ԫң

Щӻʿͷ֯ĿΣ

һڹйĻ⡣ǵĶǳ
ĿǶǻйĻӦýз
صĻϣȾ⣬ǶԴȴٹעҲͬ
ǵļ˻Ż˶Ӧýʵѧ˱Ļϣ
ǻԡϢźͿ־塣űȻĿΪ˱
࣬ǱȻŮʿƵԼǸʿ
дƪºй̬ԡ

ġʣһЩʿѧ831ǩĹкοǷУ
Ҫ֤ᣬĽ

ҽڼ汻Ϊ⽫ڸýĿ
Ϣ⡣ҵǸзǲܵġйзɹ涨
йعʺĿڻܣŭһʺ֪ڸû
Уûʲôܲù֪û޷ʾԭ
ЩǩӦ֪⣬ΪеЩˣ罯
Ա˻Ӧиû档Ҫ汻ʾ
ӦҪ޸ķɲŶԡΪǵĺһּ
ͼʹƸӻԻڡʵϣйŭĿĻ
֤ᡣ֤1022վУһĻйͶʡ־磨
־˼ƪŭĿ£Щ֧֡ʿģ
졣һЩ뻷רҺ10ʿμλ顣ͨ
ֱרǴӦشйػκ⡣һܺõĻù
⻷ݡǡʿλ飬һûȥǲ
רҺ͹ڡ

塢ʣȻйᳫΣǷΪӦڶԾǷЩ
Ӹã

ǵġⲻӦóΪһĿɣйΪ
֮ǰӦֹͣйκνĿκĿ

ʣԽĿŭؾһкο˵
Ŀǵƶ״̬ԴкλӦ

𣺶ؾڼƶ֮С޷ǵøƶ
ܹԸõڵķ棬ÿԪң
Ǹ֣ԼӴĹᣬǵ϶
øáʿĵؾĸӦðȷ
񽫻õŵĽӴ洦õؾĸΪڷ
ԽĿ֪ݻ͡ʿ飬
ؾֽ֧ӣǵ˵õơʿ
һʵƵؾ󵼣ͼԵؾС
ɡ

ߡʣݷιʲô͹ϵ

Ǹ⣬ҲΪͻйءйӦñø
ҲΪӦΪĿȥһĿ

ˡʣӲһɷĽĿӡΣ

Ŀû׼ȷرҵĹ۵㡣ʵϣмιҵĻȡ
塣磬˵Ҳ֪˭ҶŭĿ죬󵼹
ѡʵ˵ǣڷгв֪Ҳ˭˿
صΪЩʿͼ߶ԴɣҾʹһ£֪
ǸĿĹˮˮԺģΪΪ
ûǰҲĳЩʿŭ⣬ýĿҿ̻һ
ѧߣȻڷ̸ʱȷʾҲſѧ塣ŵǣ
˶Ӧͬʱڿѧ˱Ļ֮ϡ

1) When did you first hear about the Nu River controversy? Why did you get involved?

Right after the Tsunami of last Christmas, there was a debate among Chinese intellectuals about what the proper relationship between Human Being and Nature is. Some environmentalists (including Ms. Wang Yongchen, I guess you have interviewed her) claimed that the Tsunami was a warning from the Heaven and punishment by the Nature, human being should worship and fear the Nature, and stop exploiting it. I thought this view was ridiculous and wrote several articles to criticize it. During the debate, the environmentalists repeatedly mentioned the Project of Nu River. They said Nu River is the last "primitive ecological river" (i.e., there is not a dam in its mainstream and its ecology is well preserved) in China, and we should protect and preseve it for our future generations. That's the first time I heard about the Nu River controversy. In this March, Ms. Wang and I happened to give speeches to a training class for journalists in the same afteroon. My topic was about how to detect and expose false information on the Internet, and hers was about Nu River. In her presentation, she showed many beautiful pictures depicting the primitive nature of Nu River and the happy and harmonious life of local people. I was impressed and wondered if it's true. Several days later, Prof. He Zuoxiu informed me that there was an opportunity to visit Nu River and invited me to join him. We visited Nu River in early April. It lasted one week. Because of my education background (I am biology major), my primary concern was the ecology of Nu River. I was shocked to see the ecology and environment in the area of Nu River has been virtually destroyed because of over-exploitation (deforestation, farming, road building etc.) by local people who have been living there for hundreds of years. Besides, two dams had been built in the upstream (in Tibet) of Nu River in 1990s. So the so-called "primitive ecological river" is simply a lie. I was also shocked to know and see the local peoples live in extreme poverty condition (The average yearly income is less than 1,000 RMB). After the visit, I made a speech in Yunan University to criticize the environmentalists using lies and misinformation to mislead the public. The transcript of my speech was widely circulated on the Internet. That's how I got invovled in the controversy and became a major target of the environmentalists' personal attack.

2) Why do you think it is important that the dam project should go forward?

I am not promoting the dam project, as I have mentioned several times in my speeches and articles. I am not standing up for the project, but against using lies and misinformation to oppose the project. I am not an expert at dam project, so I don't have opinions of it. By the way, I am not saying that since the environment of Nu River has been destroyed, we shouldn't care about it and just build a dam in it. What I am saying is that if we decide to build dam in that area, the environmental cost is not as high as what the environmentalists claim. In contrast, the dam project will probably help to protect the environment there in some way, for instance, stoping deforestation and farming by changing the life style of local people, and providing sufficent fund to protect local ecology. (I was informed that the local government of Nu River is so poor that their budget for environment protection currently is only 20,000 RMB per year!)   

3) What is your opinion of the environmentalists and non-governmental organizations who are opposing the dam project?

I doubt they really care about the environmental problems in China. Their motive is more political than environmental. If they really care, they should focus on the most serious issue, i.e. pollution, to which they rarely pay attention. I don't agree their extreme environmentalist view either. I believe evironmentalist movement should base on fact, science and humanism, instead of lies, misinformation, superstitions and fear. I believe the ultimate purpose of protecting the Nature is to protect human being, instead of the Nature itself (as claimed by Ms. Wang). I myself am an environmentalist. I have written many articles to call on protecting the ecology and biodiversity in China. 

4) What do you think of the open letter signed by environmentalists and academics that was dated August 31? In this letter, they called on the government to allow for a public hearing and to make public the results of the recent environmental assessment impact study. 

I would be glad to see the environmental assessment impact study is made public, because I believe that would clarify many misinformation and misunderstandings about the dam project. Unfortunately that's impossible under current law. Current Chinese law prescribes that scientific data about international rivers are confidential, and Nu River is one of international rivers. To my knowledge, nothing in this environmental assessment impact study is secret and doesn't dare to let the public know. It's purely legal reason that the study can't be made public. Those signers should have known this legal problem because some of them (e.g. Prof. Jiang Gaoming) participated the impact study and should have a copy of it in their hands. If they really want the impact study published, they should have asked the government to change the law first. Therefore I believe their appeal is just the means to make the situation complicated and confuse the public. In fact, there was a public hearing about the environmental assessment impact study of Nu River project. This hearing was hold on Oct. 22, organized by a neutual organization, the Chinese Investment Magazine (this magazine recently published several articles about the dam project, some of them supporting those environmentalists' view). Some of experts participating the study and 10 environmentalists were invited to attend the meeting. The meeting was broadcast on the Internet. The experts promised to answer any questions regarding the impact study. It's a very good chance to let the public know what the impact study found. But the environmentalists boycotted the meeting and none of them attended. They don't dare to face the experts and public.

5) Do you think that since China promotes Rule of Law, it should also allow the public a greater role in deciding whether to build these dams?

Yes. But that shouldn't become a reason to oppose a dam project, otherwise we should suspend any dam projects or any other projects in China until China becomes a democratic country.

6) How do you think the dam project will help the people who currently live on the Nu River? What is your response to critics who argue that the project may not help alleviate their poverty?

Most of local people are living in extreme poverty condition. I can't imagine how their life would become poorer. If they can receive compensation as promised (tens of thousands RMB per person according current law, and an astronomical figure compared to their current yearly income), and have job opportunity brought by the dam building, sure their life will become better. If the environmentalists really care about local people's well-being, they should help to make sure the local people would receive the benefits as promised by government, instead of using local people's well-being as an excuse to oppose the dam project. To my knowledge, according the surveys conducted by impact study group and by environmentalists, the majority of local people support the dam project and believe they will have a better life because of it. The environmentalists don't deny this fact. They claim that local people are misled by government, and now they are trying to "enlight" local people. 

7) Under the concept of Rule of Law, what is the proper relationship between government and citizens?

This is more like a political question, and I don't think it's relative to the topic. I believe China should become more democratic, but I don't think we should sacrifice a dam project for this goal. 

8) What is your impression of the recent program on Phoenix Television that included an interview with you? 

That program didn't present my view accurately. In fact, it deliberately misquoted me several times. For instance, it showed that I said I didn't know who sponsored my visit to Nu River, and misled the viewers to believe that I was lying. What I said was that I didn't know and didn't care to know who sponsored the visit during my visit, but after returning to Beijing, because some environmentalists and journalists questioned it, I asked around and knew it's sponsored by National Hydropower and Water Resources Planning and Design General Institute which is in charge of this project, and I thought it's very normal because the same Institute also sponsored some environmentalists to visit Nu River before. Also, the program depicted me as a believer of scientism, although during interview, I clearly stated that I don't believe in scientism. What I believe is that environmentalist movement should base on science as well as humanism.

(XYS20051227)

˿(www.xys.org)(xys.dxiong.com)(xys.3322.org)(xys.xlogit.com)

ɺͲ



1227աй걨껰濯½˵¡ɺ
ӸǻڳʶжϡƷӡ԰ԵĿͼֹý
ϷܿĳˣԺʿɣΥ˹ڼල
ձԭ򣬶ƫ̻֮ӡȻ½ûи֤֤һţ
ƪµ߼ǻҶìܵġ

½˵ǣϷܿǰǷ̸£Ժ
ˮƽɡһǣλԺʿ˼ë
˼֤ӵĴڣ֤֤ǴġʵϣϷ
ܿʲһظԺʿһԡԺʿû
С˼ë˼֤ӵĴڡȫ
ָһһԵظ

Ȼ½ȴ˵շϵ߼ѧߣͲ
ѧҡôǷѧߣͲ˾ǹԱͲܼල
صĹƶֻ֮ͬпԼලͬУֻоѧˮ
ƽ߾߱ͬϢԴˣſԽмලյĽȻֻԼ
ܼලԼţ½˵λһ߼ǿӸ˷ӣ
λ߼Ҳġ©ڣ½˻ʲôǽ
ɣʲôǲɡ

˶ɵɣⲻ˵ɶǽɡ磬
˰ڶϲˮƽʲôǰʲôǺ
ֲ壬ͳ嵽ǰ˵Ϊʲô442352ͣ
һɡ

ǷѧߡǹԱɲ˾ɲԼල
ȻԣûжԷɡĻ⣬һ˷ɾǲ
ɡѧһӸӵ򣬼ͬΪѧңͬһ
֮ڣԷоҲǲ׵ġ˵һʵ
ѧ֪ʶ߱߷ġɡ
ģǲɣͬä͡äɳ塣

½˵Ƕô֪ʶרҵǰǲΥ
ʶǷΥʶжϣзȨΪڴ˵ý壬
ȻȨκκɡ仰޴󣬵Ҳֵ
ΪѧͨԶ볣ʶķ롣磬ʲôǴ໥ӣG
ϵͳϸʲôãܽӰ仯Щ
⣬Ҫı֪ʶֻСʶЩǰֻܸɵ
ܹۡڶʱǣҲѧɣ
͡ͻ䡱Ϊѧˡ

һ򲽽ǹҳϳ½˵ĳʶ˵Ȼзζǣ
ܿɡǡǡǽνʶϣǽڻ
ϵġѵҲԱԺԺʿˮƽġɡ

½˻˵ǰԺʿݶǹݳ䵱ȫʦ۴
ίѧݳϯ뱾к޹ϵĲΪǲ
Ҫ̫֪ʶͿĻɡ˽ܺԺ
ʿʱֻ˵һ䡰λǺӣšɴԺʿ
гˣҲԳΪѧݳϯ뱾к޹ϵĲΪ
οԺʿڳ½˵ҲˡԺʿͷΣǷҲԳΪ
뱾к޹ϵĲΪأ

ʵϣԺʿͷڸһ˳ΪԺʿһֻ
أ˲ʿѧλͿԼֺPHDӢʼѧ
Ա൱ԺʿڵѡȻҲֺFRSƺ
һò⡣

½˵ڲŶ԰ڵѧʿڵѡԺʿ֮
ʸȴѧݳϯ뱾к޹ϵĻʾǿҵĲɴ˵
ýԺʿԺʿƶȵɡ˸о·ڵġǿҵĲ
ԺʿģҲ˵½˵жûʵݣԺʿǶԵǰ
Ժʿƶȵߡ

Ȼÿ˶ɵɣһֻҪϻʶȴ
δһɡο嵽½˵Уġʶ
վסŵģ̸ֺɡأ

ɺӸǻڳʶж

½
20051227й걨

йԺʿѡٽɴڶԺʿƶ֮ʣ
ǶѧʿӵרáڴרУ϶йý
ѧԺԺʿӡ䵱ѧҡ۱ʾ߿ǣϷ
ܿǰǷ̸£Ժӵˮƽɡһ
ǣλԺʿ˼ë˼֤ӵĴڣ֤
֤Ǵġ

ԴˣڡƼڵý壺ǺԺʿһ᲻
طʼߣѧʲôģѧдй㿴ö
ʲôʲôҵˮƽߵ͡ɼСԺʿʸ
ͲģͣôΪʲôԾӸµһѧҵ
ԺʿʸԺʿˮƽ͹ףԼˡ֮
ɣ

Һܾ巽ϹȥѧٷĵԺͳɼΪӵı绤
ȴҴ۾԰ԵĿͼֹýĳ˵ɣΥ˹
ڼලձԭ򣬶ƫ̻֮ӡ

շϵ߼ѧߣͲѧҡô
ǷѧߣͲ˾ǹԱͲܼලصĹ
ֻ֮ͬпԼලͬУֻоѧˮƽ߾߱ͬ
ϢԴˣſԽмලյĽȻֻԼܼලԼ

ǲϣĳһרҵרҵʿϢԴѧԴͼ
ԴȸƣⲢܹɾܾڼලɡڼලһԭ
ձԣеκһԱȨĳĳ˵
ĻɣֻǷӦɾ߱רҵˮƽԱ
϶

Զ˾ļලΪ֪˾Ǿ߱רŷ֪ʶԱ
շɹ涨ĳʵҪΪⲢɷ񶨺;ܾڶ˾
мලɡΪڼලһݳʶмලּල
ڷרҵලһ棬ҪڣǶô֪ʶ
רҵǰǲΥʶǷΥʶжϣ
зȨΪڴ˵ý壬ȻȨκκɡ

ԶԺӵΪ֪ЩλѧԺʿ
ͷƵƵϯԼרҵ޹ϵĻһ͵ǣǰ
Ժʿݶǹݳ䵱ȫʦ۴ίѧ
ϯ뱾к޹ϵĲΪǲҪ̫֪ʶ
Ļɡ

йѧٺʽ֮ѾãԺʿǲҵҲң
ǿһ㣬ڲŶ԰ڵѧʿڵѡԺʿ֮
ʸȴѧݳϯ뱾к޹ϵĻʾǿҵĲɴ˵
ýԺʿԺʿƶȵɡ

ɺӣǶѧƷеĿʣǶйѧ粻
ڵѣǶйľѡɣֻҪϻʶ


(XYS20051227)

˿(www.xys.org)(xys.dxiong.com)(xys.3322.org)(xys.xlogit.com)

Ц񡶡ѧӡ

ߣgeorge_chen

Цҡֵעǣѧζſѧͷ

żĸﰥЦȻ֪ѧⶫͷ

ѧġʲôҸ˲Ǻʲôһ¡
͡˵ҵĺܹؼ⡮⵼ˡαѧ
⡣

Цһεۡɡ

ʲôһ˵ɾĿԵĳֻ
Եĳǲзḻѡռ䣬ǲо桢աϲζ
ǲ̽ȤֵȤȤѧзչĶǰ

һθпҸΪԲǡαѧһ䲻ص
ָѧĶҲԵġȷ˵԰ڽ̡ѧʲôĶ
зΪɡõзչĶǰ

ȻѧĶкܶͨĵطҪСɡ䡮ȷ
䡮ѧĶԵġν󵨼С֤¸Ҫ
С֤ϡұ֮ſѧؼҶڿѧֿ
֤̻˵ֳݣһϣ۷ϵġ塯
ʱҾ롮ѧǺܺĵġ

˵ʲôǡαѧΪǲ̸۽ָۣ֤е
α

һֱ֣Щ˴ɡαѧ˻ΪǼ绤˴
ǴѧȽԶҵģαطҪڿѧһϵԼ
ϤҪͼȥڱˣ۰

ʶʱкֽܶǶȣѧֻһ֡ǰѧֻƱ
ͲôáԸǻ¹ģû˵˭ҪÿѧʲôDNA
֤һ£һҲ֤ˣû˭˵֡Ҳ֪ʲôԭԽ
Խ˿ʼעѧˡʵſѧĴɲȥӿѧ
ĽǶ֤ʲôûôߣҲġȷ˵˵
ʱЩʱ򲻸κҩʾҲκá飬
ѧпѧĽͣڽڽ̵˵ڻ˵ֻҪţʹ
ȶˣӵȣվͿվ

˴ٳ αѧЩеǳ˷ûûȤ
Ҳ䲻ҵС͵Ҳ״ְҪ
ѧʲôô˵Ҳ̽̽·ѧЩʲô·
ӣٵҪ˽Щſѧ£
ǾһҪǸ ѧ͵˸ϡѧ֤̣
ȷʵ鰡ͳƷȻܸνѧĽۡҲӦ˽⵽ֻе
֤˲ÿѧȴǿѧŻᱻɡαѧ
ͲÿѧҲƲÿѧ֤˭αѧءЦ
ͬѧдôӦ⡮α֡绹⣬ֻ
ȷ˵ҺˣͲ֪ڽô£Ҫȥ֤
ܵķŴϵ۵ʲôԭ£ǱضҪ̵ʿٳ
α̡ˣȻԴҾ;Բʲô顣

ܽһ£˰죬ʵ˵ô仰

- ѧŸɵģαѧѧ֤ͬͬ
ѧͬҲ֤ǰտѧģҲαѧ
ѧĽͬ񣬴ſѧƣտѧķµģŽ
αѧ

- κα˴ٳɡαѧˣһ򵥵·߶Զᱻ
˴ٳɡαѧǾǣˣĶѧ޹ء

PS
ʶġαѧԭ£Ϊ֤һָ֤е
ѧͻҲҪ٣һע⵽⣬
һ䱾Ҳǽʦѧ´οʱҪע⣬
ȡ÷ʶġαѧ͸Ҫ桮١
УΪЩ˳ͷβľƭӡ

(XYS20051227)

˿(www.xys.org)(xys.dxiong.com)(xys.3322.org)(xys.xlogit.com)

йѧȱල

 ܴ
籨2005-12-27

йȷ淽ӣͶйѧѧϵ
ѧﻯѧʿ˹شѧоԺ
²ʿо֡˿վרйѧ֮١

Էӡ١к֮ҲڡΪȾ
ӡ١ǳԱ˷û¸ɣ¡ɷӡ١ĺ
ԺͺϷԣǣʹȨִִлٺָأ
Ȩˡ١ָайѧ¡
ѷӱ21͵ĺйġ

лпƼѧЭҽԺΡйѧԺԺʿѡФ
״淽ӣΪ߶䡢ѧҵʱ䡢ѧɹġ
⽱ڹѧӰԼȽϵͳ١
صľ˺ҪԷǸ֧ʧ10
ԼӦʧ

Ӵġ١ݹͨе׼ָԡϮα
ݵΥѧо¹淶ֳơˡʧΪй
ѧ޳³йѧϵĲΪαѧ͹
ǰ˳ɹҿһͶͶԼ޹׵
Ϊҵʵʵȡ

ѧоΪȱȽ

ûһܹѧоеĲΪڣһ˴
Ϊ˭Ͷߡٱ˭ල顢ʹ׵Ŀѧң

˿ѧҵ⣬оʹѧרŰ칫ල
ͳʹѧоеĲΪоѲҿѧ
ֱܼ쳤칫ңOffice of Inspector General
оŰ칫ңOffice of Research Integrityʹⷽ
ְ𡣶ԿѧΪڡFederal RegisterԽЧ
ȡ

ǣʵܹѧJan Hendrik Schonαʵ
ݣʡѧԺҲڲǰ޸ݵѧ
Ү˹Luk Van ParijsЩʱ˷մѧУŵ
߰ͶĦ (David BaltimoreһƪŪ
̴ְ

йȻѧίԱ1998˼ලίԱᣬලѧ
롢顢ʵʩ⼰еĲΪලίԱ
Ѿ542𰸼е飬ִԼ10İ漰ԡαȲ
ΪԴ⣬йѧԺѧйԺҲרŵĿѧίԱ
淶1500ԺʿΪ

2004꣬йȻѧίԱĿоѽ225000
ңռйо1967Ԫİٷ֮һһǵԺʿ
ǳӰ켫ӡйѧҺ͹ʦ225֮ڡ
ʵ˵йĿѧоͿѧҵΪûܵӦеļල

ʹйѧұ٣ѰҸֽΪԼѡ绤
ڵĵλסӣ»СС»ޣؾᣬ
ӡǼСӬϻң⣬޿֣
ٽйѧ硰١ʢУһϷ¡

йѧȱļලƣΪ亣Աķӳе
ӦеΡûκԴƾ˺й
ѧչͬĵС֤ϸʵڡ˿վ¶й
ѧ֮١֡Ƽڭ¡ʽĸӢ壬ֳӵΣ
йѧı

(XYS20051227)

˿(www.xys.org)(xys.dxiong.com)(xys.3322.org)(xys.xlogit.com)

뷨оĵĽ˵

ߣЦЦ



á

¡ʥʲôѧɹ뷨оΣ
ĵһӦǣйѧɶʱ뷨оġ
һ£Ȼ2005ϰ飬ѧУôһ
Ȼڲһ˴֪ѵҿ鶹ʲôģ
ѧֹ˰̹ͬѧ̣7꣬ٱ
ǳġԡһ㣬ֽԻ£ͬѧĿȷϣ
Ϸϵôְҵ£Ͱһ˵ͨɣ˭
аţأ

ѧУ뷨оô

аɡ

ʲô˼

ѧУĶˣܶһ칫ҶѣҲһ˰ɡ

һˣǲֻΡΣ

ɣΪ˰һġ

ŶʥĵΣˣ֪ʥô

û˵֪

ԣǳߣʥʲôˣڲٵĳϣڽܵ
ʱһֱ˵зӣйʥţ˰Ǹ
Ტ۶ĪͳԳΪСĴӢ۰֪
ϤĳЩλͨʿȻ֪

ǰ嵽ң8ˣȻûһ֪Ļ
ʥǣȻһͬѧĵظҰѧУû
ģ̬֮ѰˣҺðŬĿɵ椵
û

°ƽˣ룬Ȼ֪ģʥ
֪

عͷʼ淽ӷˣ¹죬˲š
Цϣ˲ŸͷθͲΪ棬Ҫⶼ
ߣⰳѧУĴٻͷ˿ٳ

Ҳǰأdi˵ӴϽڱҳ
ˣ˭˵ʥ뷨оķҪѧɹˣڰѧУ
ʮа˸˷ӵı󣬶ЦȻ
ˣй鶼֪ˡ

(XYS20051227)

˿(www.xys.org)(xys.dxiong.com)(xys.3322.org)(xys.xlogit.com)

пԺŴ뷢Ѧ±һ

Ѧ±ã

֪Ƿ֪˽¶һͶ֮£
(http://www.xys.org/xys/ebooks/others/science/dajia6/zhuzhen.txt)
֪覹˼ɢ¡ΪһŴѧΪ
¸еһ⣬ڰæۣ֮࣬һ´¡

ʮأÿÿıʱᲩ֮£
è࣬طƸԭǵ(йŴѧֲŴ
ͻѧרҵίԱ)ʱ޳ܵ˵һжǰճƸġ
(http://www.xys.org/xys/ebooks/others/science/dajia5/wangxiujie3.txt)
Դҵɸɴ֡Ĭ̬ȣҲͲ֮ʱо
ҪһЩᣬҲûиоʲôĴ󡣵һ
ͶŪ֮£ҵʱͰƪϸȽһ£ʱΪЩ
߸е󡣴һͶһ㶼һߡôǰһģ
һĶͶǲ֪޳ܶ֡ҪЩ߻ͼƬŪ
١

ϣ˷ŷеĻܹ¡Щ˽д֣
ԱĲΪоʱЩ˻űȱ˶2ȥƭ
ȡѡͬʱҲеоԱһѹΪ쵼ǻ
ٵĸÿ׼Ūֻé
(http://www.xys.org/xys/ebooks/others/science/dajia6/libizhong.txt 
http://www.xys.org/xys/ebooks/others/science/dajia6/sci.txt)
һȥ¥ˡЩ˶нΪ޷Ʋѧ
޼ɵȥҵʦߵ־ϣӶڹ϶
˵ĳ(񺫹Ļ)Щ޷Уȫѧ
ſɹƭ

ǺͰ׵ͺͳλҲڶԴ³Ĭڡ
Ҫ١ĬܶԶЩʾйĿнһ΢
ʥĵá

ףµһ෢£ٷ£෢£ٷ£
෢ƪ£ٷһͶ¡

ԭŴѧ

26/12/2005 

(XYS20051227)

˿(www.xys.org)(xys.dxiong.com)(xys.3322.org)(xys.xlogit.com)

ٴְΩһеĴ취
ͷѧѧԺԺӨϮΪ

20051227й걨

 ι

ףʺٽڵĴְѧԺ
ѹд˴ְš1226գͷѧѧģУ봫
ѧԺԺӨŮʿ̾һʵϣڵ뿪Ǹеѹ
ΩһѡΪѧϱά

գѧϮǴںٴְ1222¶
ý巢£ΪְһָڳеεĹ
֮١ͷѧ봫ѧԺ¼ơѧԺԺӨ
Ůʿڽܱרʱ͸¶˸Ժһ¼ϸ

һѸٹϵĴ

1215۵ĳӨյһѧͺٵʼǶ
ʼﱨлýϹںѧϮӡӨͳ
ѧԺܼȡϵԺʦѧ˿ר
ռѧڱУBBSϵ

1216磬ӨУ԰BBSѧ˵һ⹫ţʦ
Ľ̳ϵ͡

1217գӨѧԺǳҺ͸ܼ̣ȡùʶ
֮ͺڼ档

22ʱ39֣ӨڸУBBSϷ˽ܺٴǳʵĹ档

ֻܸ㣬ٴְ˫ϿɵΩһеĴ취Ө
Ա˵

ͬ¶ԳӨ˵ѧϮڹѧʱз඼
Ǵ»СС»ޣѧԺĴǷ̫̣

λг20ĵŮԺԿЦҺγ֪
ڵ㣿¹ѧϺͱԺҲֻиеźˡ

ѧΪٵȥϧ

ٴְϢԺ󣬳ѧԺѧٸнҲ
еĹעͷѧBBSϣϿʦʰ
һΡӵܸߣѧҲڸ˶Ժٵϧ֮
顣

ݳӨܣѧԺ3꣬൱Ĺסڱ
Ժҵ֮⣬УǴ꡷ָȥ꣬
ǳŷĶԻָԺѧˡĻ桷һ飬
ڶѧǲģѧҪҲϣеѧϲʦ
Ϊȡ˳ٵѧĿʸ񡣵Σڵȥ
ѧԺ˵һʧ

26磬ڵ绰߼ߣûСϮ͡ԡ
ͼԵǸʹְķʽʾԼĳ⣬ҲָϮ
־½⣬ϣ¾ʹ˽⣬ϣý岻Ҫ׷ʹ򡱡Ŀǰ
ͷһָѧѧ֮뿪Ǵ

ѧϱά

ݳӨܣ46ĺ̨ѧѧʿ˶ʿѧλ֮
ڱѧʦһ飬ѧʿѧλȥְ˵ζʧҵ
൱ġ

ѧԹΪѧлĹ淶͹򣬼ȻѧΪҵӦ
ءΥ͵Ŀǰѧܵİȴ˿
֪ܣУĴҲʹ֮ѧԺ
ֵý

¼֮ýΪǴһѧšӨʾ
ҲǳѧԺʦȡѵһԳԺ
һ̵ѧܳϮѧԺĽʦӦΪʦϸѧ淶

ϤѧԺѾԺίǳҡ˵áո½
ױǹ㲥˾ǰܲãڣܿǰܱ༭
С飬ƶϸϽѧָԺʦѧ

(XYS20051227)

˿(www.xys.org)(xys.dxiong.com)(xys.3322.org)(xys.xlogit.com)

Ա潸ɶ

һ

潣ָŪŮҹ̷ͷߺߣֻͷǿ
ȡ֯ߡ˵"ЦƶЦ潣"ߺߣ
һԸһԸƽף޿ɺǡ""
Ů֤ϸڣΪ˰

ԣָϮȡ˵һַΪҹȨ
ʮ涨"ȨΪģӦеֹֺͣӰ졢
Ǹ⳥ʧΣ塢Ʒģ"Ϲ涨
ҹȨȷ涨""һȨΪӦеӦΡ

ۣȨ涨ֻҪԭƷҪֱϮȨͱַˡ

Ա潸ɶ񣬾߲عƽ׵ԭߺͱ
Ȩߣ褴ƸΪȡڵ˼ҵľƷ󲢲
к߸Ǯ⻹οͣˣ̨̨ѣСС
ء

Ա潸ɶңɣȴûи
ɳ֮һԾƷȻ"֣˺""
ǣս"ȻȺ֮ʹˮ

Ҷһעˮ顢Ϯ顢α顪߿ȫ2ר⣺
Ӣһο͸ӿɶߣؾٱ£ϣֹͣ
ȨΪΪ֮

ܺˣ㶫ʡ㶫־༭С˶ʿġ԰
ר⿼﷨뵥աһ飬20058ɺϽ繫
档󣬾Ȼ⵽ߵĴԣ 

ߣ᣻Եλϴѧ磻߿ȫ2ר
⣺Ӣʱ䣺200510¡ 

Ϊ¶䡶߿ȫ 2 ר⣺Ӣĵ 62 ҳ
 95 ҳȫճСġ԰ר⿼﷨뵥ա
һ飬 30 ҳֵĶȫճ˵ģҲӸעšлʲôģ
ǲ̫ˣǲǱ潸ɶ

(XYS20051227)

˿(www.xys.org)(xys.dxiong.com)(xys.3322.org)(xys.xlogit.com)

ά˹ĵӢԭǰҳ̺ĶԱĶ

ߣlaoliu

дԣ

ҲԷĵظߴңľƲκϵĴ
ж߷ԭ֮ԸΪÿ֧100Ԫ

ΪסҵAmazonҵӢԭǰҳ뵽
AmazonҳDunantҵBirth of Venus, ҵExcerptӡ
ֺ棬ҪcookieصAmazonҳ

ıʺã׼ȷû⡣ļ
˲ö֪Ǯƻɡ

в¡

1. ҮҲڼƽһ
³˹ʽ԰ȵĹϣʹӰǴͣǽ
չʾλ˹еĻͻ񼣣Щﷸ
ŷװΧ۵ȺвʹǸ߱Ŀ۹
ڽǰŵλϣʵе

Our Lord may have lived and died in Galilee, but his life was 
re-created in the city of Florence. The Angel Gabriel brought God's 
message to Mary under the arches of a Brunelleschian loggia, the Three 
Kings led processions through the Tuscan countryside, and Christ's 
miracles unfolded within our city walls, the sinners and the sick in 
Florentine dress and the crowds of witnesses dotted with public faces: 
a host of thick-chinned, big-nosed dignitaries staring down from the 
frescoes onto their real-life counterparts in the front pews.

ƽ˼ƽʱˡ
ɫ㿴ʹӰǴڡ³˹ʽ԰
ȵĹ [ӦΪ֮¡]λڡ˹[Ӧ
Ϊ˹ᡱ]䣻񼣷ǳеĳǽ֮ڼڱо[
ǡǽչʾš]벡ŷװ֤Ⱥо
Ȼ[]ʹǸ߱Ŀ[Ȼͬ]
ڽǰŵλϣʵ[ʹ]

һΣƺЩ

2. Ĳ¥ߣԺһΧǽС԰һ¥Ǹ̸
ĵط

... with ... space for my father's business on the ground floor

һ¥Ǹ̸ĵط: Ӧǵ̾һ¥

3. 迪ʼһЩݳ֧ʱ

my mother's good taste curbed much of the exuberance that attends 
new money

ǣΪĸƷλԱݳ޵ȱҼ

4. ʱֵ죬ʯɵҹȥǰԺ
ƥʱ¥ײһ

It is winter, and the stone balustrades have a coating of frost as 
my sister and I collide on the stairs in our night shifts, hanging 
over the edge to watch the horses arrive in the main courtyard.

ҹ˪night shiftsӦ˯£ҹࡣ

5. ɫ˯۽ϵĲϣ㷢ɢڱһɫ


tied fast across her chest

ӵǱ 

6. ҵŮ޶Ŀ÷׶ŮԲλࡣ

The women of Rennes go blind early in the service of my daughter's 
beauty

ǣΪҪװҵŮǣRennes ŮŬڹ
ʧ

7. ·ʱҼתֹسǽתȥЩӤޣ

As we pass I imagine the cries of the infants as the wheel in the 
wall turns inward forever...

תֹسǽתȥҲ

 foundling wheel  
http://childhood.families.com/foundlings-365-366-ecc

8. ҲһκѡʱûǮþƷ
ĺҲֻеδѡ

My father was in one once, though he was not rich enough at the 
time to command a memorial in church and on this last voyage he 
suffered only common seasickness.

ǴĺУӦΪκСѻҽ

9. ȸлϵۣȻԼըɽ⡢ͨķۣ
ǺɫĲ͸һ㽹ǵţ̵

boiled capon ըsaffron pudding еsaffronָɫ

10. ͵ʮּţ̲

Plautilla is so pleased that she spits milk pudding on the 
tablecloth



11. ˣûǿһЩ˵ɲҵһϱΪ
Լڲʻлڷ䡣

Still. He had better not take too long. I heard that one of the 
daughters-in-law of the Tornabuoni family was dead from childbirth by 
the time Ghirlandaio unveiled her in the fresco.

ˣûǻһЩ˵ɲҵһϱΪ
Լ˺ܶʱ䣨Ŵӻʼ𣩣ڲʻ滭áĻʱ
Ѿڷ䡣

(XYS20051227)

˿(www.xys.org)(xys.dxiong.com)(xys.3322.org)(xys.xlogit.com)

ϺҩѧԺ¼֮

ĶĶ

2±ǷΪϵ磬˭öԴ˸ʲôʵΣ

±ǷΪϵ磬˭öԴ˸ʲôʵΣһ
ִ㡣

ڡϺҩѧԺӴ̷һУʿΪʵҹ
̨ 䲢ûֹκͣ缣󣬱ٵһ̨Ҫģ
ʹõԼͿгɹ䱾ͨк洢
ʵϷùȻΪϵɵġݡϺҩѧԺ
Ӵ̷һģ2005715յܲʵҺʵ
ϱԺʱ·ϵ类֣ΪֹԺ˭
ʵҡˣڷϣܲʵҺΪԺ
ӦöԷʿʵҵİȫвжΡݡϵ硱ͬ
ǵֿܣ1ϵ硱ǹеʧǸ
ʧΣ2ϵ硱۹⣬ǸйƻΡ

ѿڡϺҩѧԺ¼һΪǵΪ
±绤ʿѾǰ϶ˣյĿҲѾﵽˣ
ֺα8³ȥðεΣհεԴ߼
˵ͨοȥεԴʱиʿʿڳ
ǵ̲ôͰɣԼɷ黹֤ڳѿ
ǿĽ˴ṩϢжû۹ƻĿܡ
ûʵΪκƶ϶롰˵˵Ľ֣
ҹȨĽ飬׷ΣȻϾ
¼ʮԪҵʧҲǹҵĲƲ˰˵Ѫ

ϵ¼ɵĹҲƲʧԼҪԼͿгɹȴ
Ӧеʵǿвʱʵҷκԭ
תƵϡ

3󡰼ҳ󡱲С桱֮

ͳйһᷨɵĹȡӡΪΪΪ
䣬Ϊ߻䡱ɼ˶Էɵ̬ȡϺͨѧԴʿƸ
Լʵɹ¼̬ȺͲΪͽһͳֵ쾡¡

ϺҩѧԺӴ̷һἰʱ£
ҩѧԺڣʼղԸԴ͡ڶ෽Ŭϵҩ
ѧԺ֧յڣ ҪУίͬ
ܶý̸¡Уίһλ
Ϊɾܾ ɷáһλ߲ԱҲԼ߳ƣºܸ
ӣϣýݻ

ӳϿѧƸʦУҲδǼҸӵ飬ֻ
Ҫ¡䡣ɾʲôý¶Դ±ּĬ
ѵȨ顢ϵڴʲôñƼ򵥵⸴ӻ
ѵʲôù飿

ڡϵʵɹ١һ£ҩѧԺǲˡ桱־ͼ
»СС»ˡȫȻöϵ¼ʮԪҵĹҲƲʧڲ
ˣ˲󣺡ͨʦʧ˼ʮĹҲƲ
ʧǷҲ˲׷κΣ»СС»ˣֻҩѧ
ԺĳЩ쵼Ȩ

УҩѧԺ桱ֹ˵ãԡϵʵ
١һ²֪飬δмʱ׷֮Σ
ԭܵԭǡºܸӡ롰ҳԲȡװ
ơΪľٴ롣ȻҳġΪʱ˿߲
÷չ۹⿴⣬µĻ᲻ͥȨǿߵ˽
Ȩ˽ͣڽĳúгпԵĻ

Щһ桱ܽ

4иУʦƸƶ£УʦĺϷȨ˭

ҩѧԺ쵼δͨκι˽ʿ
ʵܲ⣬ǿнʿƸʱͬڽʣ5£
Ա˱ǿкϲκλάԼĺϷȨɴ˲˵
иУʦƸƶ£˲ֻһջDDDУʦĺϷȨȱ
Чı

ʦƸƶȡѧơѧߵĽϣ
ʹʦƸƶĳЩɱų켺ιߺΨסȨı˽
ֶΡУԣƸ벻ƸȨȫȻܽʦƣʦλȨ
üΪƣȱЧķɱϣȻǴӰ,Σ
òȨ

νȫһʵЧУʦϷȨƶȣǸУ
ƶٵһҪ⡣ΪУͨʦαԼĺϷȨ
棬ҲǴӦ˼һ⡣

ʿƸ¼ɸУͨʦάȨһӡҲʿӦ
һ

(XYS20051227)

˿(www.xys.org)(xys.dxiong.com)(xys.3322.org)(xys.xlogit.com)

Ԫںͼйض︣ĸ

Ԫλʿ
鷱æպӵһѵ绰˵ڵһ
ţոϽŷлͬʱʿԴ˻
ȤԲִٴæ֮Удһƪģϣʹ˻̽֡ͬʱ
ҲΪŻظԪ

ͼ
20051227

︣Ȼѧ

ͼ

ġйض︣ĸ

︣ĵһѾ𲽷չһոµѧơ︣ѧ
︣ѧһŸϿѧȻѧѧݡȻ
ѧҽѧѪӦöΪѧȣѧ
ѧѧݡ

һЩŷѧ漰ҽרҵγУ࿪С︣
γ̣ͶΪѧΪѧȿγ̽һڣڴ˷Ƚ
Ȩ̿ӢŴѧҽϵD.M.BroomںͼôA.F.Fraser
Ľ̲ġFarm animal behaviour and welfareЩγ̵ĺݲ
ѧ䶯ﱣȨ˼룬Ҫǽлʵ
ӦöĶ︣⣬Щﱾʲô
Ӱ죬ԼЩĳֵȵȡڸ϶︣
뵽ȨЩѧõˡӦö︣ѧApplied 
animal welfare scienceĸʵϣ漰ĺܶǵ
ԼǶԴ̬޹أ⡣ҸȤ
ҽԺϸ˵

ĸǿԷΪ;ݡ

ֱۣױǽܡڶУ
ǿ޼Ϊý۱׼Ӫȱ
ΪĺָꣻõȦԱ⶯֫
ˣʹʡڶУݾʵܵر϶
ýƶԼõȦܹ߶
︣ˮƽһܼˮƽ

Ƕľݡܶ˶ڶ
Ƿ۸ܺʶд飬۶︣ʱǷӦÿ
ĸоfeelingһϺѴɹʶĿǰĿѧֶκ׼
ȷ״̬罹꣨Agitationѹ(Depression)ʹ
(Distress)ֻܸݶΪжϡ︣
֤ʵǲɿģѧﻯѧķҲѻ
ˣӦòΪѧоԶ︣ۡμ. Ӧö
Ϊѧ붯︣. ̬1997 ,18238~44ĳ̶ֳ˵
︣۵ĺѧƾӦöΪѧҲΪʲôŷѧ
Ѷ︣뵽ΪѧγҪԭڡ

(XYS20051227)

˿(www.xys.org)(xys.dxiong.com)(xys.3322.org)(xys.xlogit.com)

ֹ



˿һдġ಻ۣдĺȤһǸ˰ɣ
Ϊ˵ҲɸС

л֮ϡТ¡Ȼ۸ˣй
ʵдͳģб֡Ա곤ĺ˵ұҲ
αΪСϲءֱ֮ˡ...ش
֤ʱ˳֮ԻҪ˵ÿһ˶ǵ֮ˣĸ
ĸҲڡȻЩȨƵˣδظ˲Ÿʫ
ƣϴȺͯܶΪȻéȥ
ã̾ϢȺ֪ͯĻ˿ɲСӡ

ˣǲˣҪ˵ټϻñܿ
ô󵶳ìƴڴԲսϵôǲˣ
һЩаһǵϰסйһЩط
֣аɱ˵ڡķչԽԽǿ
ǿǻˣ꣬Щ飬ҲĴ˵
һΣ֮ʣ˳ȫ壬Ӵ˷׸ıΪ
ˣһֱ֡³ֵ˵ʵ˻һ
֡

áϡԷʼܣֻ£ЩҲ
ˣʱѲǶŸʱر˻ֳbolgļ
ӾͿɽһ𹥻˲Ҳͨý崫ﵽôһ
ԻؾҲΪ粻ӡֽϵĶʹţ
ڱ仯ǷΪҲǾֽϵĻϵģ±

Ҹ˵ؿԽԽ࣬߾ͺһЩ߰ʮ
ˣӵԼblogҲˣֹۣǻҪ
ƶǰֹ˻

(XYS20051227)

˿(www.xys.org)(xys.dxiong.com)(xys.3322.org)(xys.xlogit.com)

ζԴǡ

bluesea

ϷĳġǡɵһС˵ǹС˵е
һŮɶȻɵò˽˻ĺ
϶˵һŮɶ˵Ҳ١ͨ
΢ѧ㽭죬ȻԼŮԵļɫ췹ԡֻҪ
ȥŨױǿƭ

һ˵Ůˣ㽭һʧܣͿʼˣŪǮ
ȻΪǵ屾ǮǶ˶õġʱΨһİ
ʹˣáǰʱɶԷӼ
ڹѰΪɶļŮ˾ÿڴ
ɶѰˣǸˡԱblog϶Է
ӵĴֱһޣ䱾ļԱ

ɶʱװҸŮ޵ֻҪԻ֧
ߣ԰ﵽյĿģϧ׵Ů
׾ӣŪ屾ǮƭǷǲ壬ֻˮ֧ߵҲ֡
ҪִԲ򣬸㲻ûûü󰢷ھͳ˱ū
ˡ

Ψһ΢ֵÿǣŮʼղаеС䣬ʹ
թˣı죬Ļܻһգӱɵ˼á

˶ԡǡɵʲô壬ƪġԡʻԻ
Ȱúãñ˵ǹʹˡŮѰİ취ã
ôˣɿһٰƣһȥ

(XYS20051227)

˿(www.xys.org)(xys.dxiong.com)(xys.3322.org)(xys.xlogit.com)

6ķRacailleǡҡǡظ

Schtroumpf

ڡ6ķRacailleǡҡǡظ˿20051226
- http://xys.org/xys/ebooks/others/science/dajia6/fayu.txt һУ
ѧΪracailleһڷNicolas SarkozyﾳΪ
ҡȫȷģǶڴ˴ηɧбSarkozyʽԷ

ԭ䡰Vous en avez assez de cette bande de racaille? Eh bien, on va vous en 
dbarrasserԴԣ˵ǷܹȺң
Ǻãɾڶ˳ơvousԹڣɧ
ӣԲǡҪ

ֻ˾

(XYS20051227)

˿(www.xys.org)(xys.dxiong.com)(xys.3322.org)(xys.xlogit.com)

һΪ˰޷˿վĹ˽˿վĶ̬ؿ
˿ʼбxys@yahoogroups.com

ʼбÿ췢һ˿վ¸µϣÿµ׷һÿ
Ŀ¼ʼбĶμ롰˿֮ѡ
ʼбxys_friends@yahoogroups.com

ù䶩ġù䣬ܿ޷յ
Ƽ䣺yahoo.com, hotmail.com, gmail.com

ġ˿ʼбĵ䷢һհż

xys-subscribe@yahoogroups.com 

塢ͣ˿ʼбͣ䷢һհż

xys-unsubscribe@yahoogroups.com 

Ͷxinyusi@yahoo.comôıļͶ塣

˿(www.xys.org)(xys.dxiong.com)(xys.3322.org)(xys.xlogit.com)
