                         ˿µϣ20060812գ

06.08.12, ӡƹݷٴ桷
06.08.12, ٣ʦѧѶġ
06.08.12, NANDAٽϲѱϾѧְ
06.08.12, zhexuezaiϣܸһЩ ФVһ̸(III)
06.08.12, laomu1Ф˾ļ仰
06.08.12, һС㡶Ƽٱ顷
06.08.12, ѧҽԺ־ڵѧ
06.08.12, δӰԺȥ
06.08.12, һλȫְĳѧƸڡФƽ
06.08.12, ˡΪֻ̤
06.08.12, ϡ߱
06.08.12, takiΪʲôûСѧҡӼ룿
06.08.12, ˼ųƭġ
06.08.12, ţ
06.08.12, ŷߡ𣿡
06.08.12, GaryڵӦô쿯(4)
06.08.12, WPHugo de GarisһЩ
06.08.12, ڳڿĶCеOverriding

˿(www.xys.org)(xys.dxiong.com)(xys.3322.org)(xys.xlogit.com)

                      ƹݷٴ

                          ӡ


                   ֪ɡΥߡ
                       ȶ

    һֱ1980¿˹һƬϡٵ֮ءʱ
һ˵˹ûзɣڰûϵۡ1882
꣬·˾ʼʥº͵˰·ʱԼ8ǧ
ͬ͹ӿ˹;⾭
ʮֺƽ￪ƹݵȶһζ˵4Сʱ˻û
˱ɱ

    Ѳ뾭ȥץ֮ͽȴܵɵƲã
ΪҪһܡԽҰܰѷѺ͵ķͥС
ҪԼķٺͷͥһ82գѲ£ƹ
ȶ˹Ϊ˹6ѡΰ٣һ
ķ٣ͥľƹݡʵϣڱȶʽһǰѲ
Ѿѷ˴ˡȶԻΣΪϹ3µ
ѧеĻĸ統ΰ٣Է֮ҡ

    ȶȻԷһ֪Ļ˵Էɵ˽
ԷɵΥǸ鷸Ƶ֮ͽȶǿˣ
Լ1825ꡣڴԼ15ʱ뿪磬ǰī
ĸɽķֵߺϿһһջȶһ
ī˷ͻɱˣòī磬ǰʥ
ͶﵱгٽĴԼǡ

    Լǰѱȶе٣ָܿرȶִ
18522£ȶ˽йǹ䣬
ڡȶ˶ӵһǹжֵĴȣһǹ
˶зͼȶһµκԽߣ
ܵɼʥӰٴȥԼǡԼ￪һ
ƹݡһ11£ԼǱɱȶҾƹݵˡҵǣ
1858꣬ȶҲһУܵвΪ
ʬƹȣòٴȥɽķ

    ɽķʱīݵĶɰɿΰ٣һҼ̵ꡢ͹ݡ
ݡĳ;ƹΪһĵֵ̡һ⡣ϱս󣬱ȶ
֯һ֧ԳơߡλЭϷսǶٱ
սȤ˳ơʮ

    սڼս˵ݵĸۿڣȶ˷ƵĻᣬᵽʥ
£ī˽ǹ֧սʱƷս󣬱ȶʥ¶
ȢһīŮΪޣĸŮļͥ
ˮţ̺ʹھֵ͵ľΪڵҲ⡣ʥ
¶Աȶ˵Ҳûʲôˡ1882̫꣬ƽ·޵
ʱ򣬱ȶҳߣ׷潨飬ơ

    ڱΪΰ֮󣬱ȶºӣīĽӣ
ϵӡȶ˵һλӢŮԱԳ
λԱĳߣСġ˵ͺͱȶ
ҴһɣΪ޽е·ϰҲ
޿ǱȶȷλӢԱľƹݼ淨ͥΪ˱
ѸԱĳҲϣС򡱡ԺȾΪһ
дƣλȵĻдС֣дһL
ûйϵбȶھƹһСƾɻ֤
Һü鹫ƹ˵ݵĴƣȶ
֤ˡΰ١˹ִߡһ顰ơơ
Ʋ䡣

    ȶٵճơϲĹ˿ǵͣˮʱӳ
ϷӵµĿڸÿǡڵÿṩϣǮʱ
ȴ̵ʱ䡣𳵼ĵÿżȶҪ
Ǯ̲סʱȶҡһ˷٣ÿǵΪԷ
ǡõڸһǮ

    һɷȶپʹӾƹݹ˿ѡ12ţͥ
󰸡άԼķȨĹߣһǹһ¿
˹1879޶桷ʱʱػյ¿˹ĸ²ϣ
Щ϶éӺͻ¯ҵ˹ޣֻõⱾ1879޶
Ϊ衣żȥķġһһ˴
һ͹򷨹ٴ˵ķ䡣˵в˵
ǽá򡱡¿˹ʱ
ȶٰһҳҳһ֮ӳΪвûй涨
Υ

    ȻھУȶĶ跭ģ
áдʱĲãеĲȻƪΪеĶԵ
о

    12֮˶У˵ʱ
ţѭ֮ʱÿɽںÿɽȣҡҷ
ҶͷʻȻǿȵ죬ĵƽɢˡȻ
죬ϹŽɫջɽҫ±ýڻԻ͡Ƕ
죬ĺХţѩÿһƬء㽫￴
һУһҲΪͥо㽫һ£
Ĳӣֱɫӡ

    ƪ֪ٵдʣñȶӮˡ̷١
˵˵ȽȻСԡȶȻ
вҪɷǲ֤ݱκˡô
һд˽̣ѡһ˵оһ
Ӻַ˿ڴ400Ԫз300Ԫ鷸
Ͽ뿪˵ء

    ڱȶٵķͥǮһСÿȡһӡ֤飬
Ҫȡ5ԪķáֵĽʽԡԸϵۿˡꡱһ
оԼʧܵĻĸԡоǳʵã磺
ͥо45ԪÿλԱһơҲý
һһ˴·׹ˤʬ屻ȶٵķͥȶ
ʬ40ԪһǹԲǹ֧ʬд40Ԫ
ЩǮ˱ȶͥһεݼܳдŸȶѯΪδ
սɵķȶ˵δյĲķͥԸ
㡣𸴿е⣬ԺȶҲûյѯʡ

    ȶַǳֲĬİ참ʽõ˵ؾͬ1884
굱ΰΪѡʱȶټѡ˺ֱ1902Ը
ݣÿһεѡУֶεѡֻ18861896ѡ
ѡ1896ѡԭΪõƱ̫٣̫࣬ȫͶƱ
ץס˰ѱ

    Ҳ1896һ꣬ȶԶʱȭ
˹Ͱھ˵áսԭڰУ
ݷɽְֹҵȭѲʱ׼ֹȶֳа
Ӷī͹һСͨºеһɳޣǱ
ĳ221ձһ죬ѶĵѲûйϽȨ
ʵ족ֻܸɵۡؾڡ򡱵ĸӸظ
ĹڸպÿƺȡȶơƼ۸ǵһƿһԪ
˹ֻ95ӾͰջǻص򡱼Ⱦ֡һ
ǡ򡱽һ죬ȶĴҲߵı
ȥ

    ȶЩǮƣ1899ΪĴɽķˡ
һλΡФȡЦɽķһë̺˳ɽķһ
Ƕ⣬ȶɽķǹѶФɱˡȶǮʹľһ
α֤ɽķͷš

    1896꣬ʧջ١ȶؽڽֶΪԼ
һңΪԺԤżһ
ݳд飬ֱ1903
315գȶΪķ⡱ʱûܼСһ档
10ºһ̫ƽͣС㡣ڴ°¶ǰ
ɽɽݳ;УھݳСͣƬ̡ȫ
Ǿӭĵιˡ򡱣ǽȶٵĹ£
ȶٵǹһζݵķʣԴд


    ĴºǺѷֱȶٹеʷ
ʵ鹹ɷ֣Ҳ˵һִ߻ΥߣǺ˻ǻˡ
ǸʱĲõӦ˵ʱĻǸʱԶȥ
Ǽᡢ̰ĺɫĬɫʡȶٵ¼
ΰĻĻԽ죬ʷʵҲԽԶҲ͸ˡڽ
죬ѳΪһûоĹǣֻʣķݺһ꣬
оʹûȫԭ򡪡Ϊʷżġ
򡱣˵ÿ10ο͡

    ڣѾ˵ȶĹ¼
    ͷɵĻ
    ֳֵŭ棬
    ڲٸǡ
        衶ȶ

2006.06.10

2006.7

(XYS20060812)

˿(www.xys.org)(xys.dxiong.com)(xys.3322.org)(xys.xlogit.com)

٣ʦѧѶ

ӣ

·ݣ˿ʦѧѧԺӢϵĸʦ
רϮ£ǰƪѧУίվתأѧУչĵ
վҲתءУڼܴķ졣ʦڸѧϿεʱר̸
ĸ¼ͬʱ˿͡ΪѧֹУдһţ֪
ôһ顣Уˣ 

ͬѧллעѧУĽ뷢չĸʦ⣬Ǵӵ֪
ʼǳӡѧУʽ֪˾ٱٱĴѧУټѧίԱ
ĿƣĻ飬һУרҲμӵĵС飨רУ
ѧԺˣչ鹤ĿǰרĻѾˣδύ
ѧίԱۡ򣬵άԼȨĻᡣѧίԱ
Ҫһʵʵġ͹۹ʽۣύѧУΪݡ
ڴ£мڿ˵ΧͬѧҲע£԰
ߴҡһѧУǳѧ罨裬̴ΪڶѧУ
ԱˡѧУѧ߸̬ȣصش¡崦
ղǰġʦѧѧ¹淶ʵʩϸй涨ĳС
ģһΧڹҸ˻м仰ͬйע
µͬѧһ¡һѧ淶ΪʵһֱڣʦУѧ
ҲСȥǽ̫ˣҲĿǰ㲻"Σ"Ϊ
δڸʲôԴİ취ڶУ԰Ϸ
ϢѧУΪ·Ǵδͼ"ƽ"£Ҫ˵
"Աһ"ˡ෴ͼͨеʦѧʶѧ
õӡһθл飬գעֹоͿй
ĸУڡʿʦ xzhong@snnu.edu.cn

ѧУϮʵ׷ظĳ油׷ĸڸ
ĳõһкôһķΧڹ

ѧУⷽ滹Ǻý۵ġ˿ĴѧУõ
˻죬лл˿ֱǡ


2006-8-11

(XYS20060812)

˿(www.xys.org)(xys.dxiong.com)(xys.3322.org)(xys.xlogit.com)

ٽϲѱϾѧְ

ߣNANDA



ȻһţǾбҪΪĴ٣ڽϾ
ѧԴѧϵΪϾѧ뺣ѧѧԺٽϲѱ
Դѧϵְԭϵ쵼ӦΪԺԺ

ϲǲڣ˿ع⣬Ͼѧ뺣ѧ
ѧԺѳɹֻܼβͿˡ˵˿߾ޱ
ɱ


Ͼѧְ֪ͨ
http://www.nju.edu.cn/cps/site/XB/nju1/Ggitem_a200605253952.html
˿ҷٽڵĲϣ
http://xys.xlogit.com/xys/ebooks/others/science/dajia6/zhuxigang.txt

(XYS20060812)

˿(www.xys.org)(xys.dxiong.com)(xys.3322.org)(xys.xlogit.com)

ϣܸһЩ 
ФVһ̸(III)

zhexuezai

ФУ300о˱ԭȨ

걨ڶ棩ġƼһ棩20059
21ŵڶȫ濯ӣ˷񣩵¡̤
ֻԺʿѡˡԱԭдʵı
ԭȨơԺʿѡФŦԼѧȫ
ְʦФŦԼѧְҲǺܳġͷΡû
ժҪðġ۳ڹڹеġƼ⣬־
һٴεأý㷺תأдʵ
ıرǶԭѧʽĸָؾ
ȫʵԭȨĿǺԭѧʦͬ
˼ķ߿ԭΪ֪רңܵ˼Ӱ
족

λرǶ󷨹ͨһ飬ָǷС
ۣҵĿǣ㱻òκδ֤ݣ䱻Фо֮Ҳ
ɡ͡ʧʵο浱ͥʽʮ֤֧Щ
ˡɡ֤ۡ͡ʵФ߲ܳ

ʵǱʵʺ͹ؼڣҲ֮ʵ⣬һԺǡǡ
ԡ򡱺ʵ塱ڱ֤ٻ֤ʵһԺ
ΥԺھ֤涨δ㱻֤ʱ䣩һ֮Ϊݣ
Ϊ׼ָһԺ϶ڿ֮ƶ壩бߡ

ôһԺǷϸ񰴳ִأȷ
Σ߼ҵ״ü򵥳򿴣϶Ȩؿ
Ա֮ϽĿЦöʲö׼ԭ
˿𰸲Ƿ񶨣ҿ˵ȫ˳Դ

ҲֻһԺˮƽ£㣬ϵС

ԺȻѾһԲʲöرϽΪ
һԺԣȽһԺ2005һֵ1833֮ö
еġԺԱйϽȨӶԺ2006
272Ųöеġ人нԺԱйϽȨһ
ԿԺٱһԺˡһ֡ĸ֮
һ֣ʾԺùȨӦԭߣͬʱҲ
˾ͬ˵ĳЦ

Ҽϣ⡰һ֮ߡԺܷһ
ԺļӰ죬һԺɵغ

(I)(II)Ϊۿǹ

ϣܸһЩ
ФVһ̸I

ФVڹⶼӰİӣһʵڲ𾪡
ϣҪظͼĴٴڹ˾¹Ц
ȴطĿ

ȿڣ2005һֵ1833֮²ö飾˵
ԺԱйϽȨһ֣ͥˮƽ

ٿ䣨2005һֵ1834ţо飾еġԺΪȣ
ڿӦڹϹеڿйڹϹеڿ
ǹڿԺ϶ӦճҪ֮
Ӧȷ綨߼ҲӦϽ򽫺

˵Щʱٲ䣨IIIIIIV

ԺУᲹ䡣

ϣܸһЩ
ФVһ̸II

У©ϣ

1ȷ״ϧЧ״򱻸ʹ
ִҴҲöͬԭ桰ԲȷϣС䡱
һȷ棻

2ʱ֪Ӧȴá׳򡱣2ºת롰ͨ򡱣

3Ѿרˡա򱻸ʹһǧ֣ɲ߼ҵ״
ڿͥڲδͥġƱȴԭ֧ϵκ֤ݣ

4Ա֮оݣ֮ĹϽ飬δܸķ
򵥲أ

5ͥ󣬶Աδ㹻֤ʱͥʽִ֧30
֤ݲ֤ţۻȻ

㣺ɼ人ԺԱڴ˰Ϊʧƽ
˷Ѻ˾ԴΪ˾һЦĶ

УᲹ䡣

(XYS20060812)

˿(www.xys.org)(xys.dxiong.com)(xys.3322.org)(xys.xlogit.com)

Ф˾ļ仰

laomu1

ФĳҪԺʿѧԺʾĳԼռ
йФĳĹٷĹۣûг񡣼Ȼ۾ͻа
ᣬֻҪδʧʵ̸ϻٻ

Ȼи״ģԺҲˡи˵ܱŮʿ״û
ӰЩֵܾоʵĪ

1ܵĸоǸ٣ҪôԽת̫֮࣬ȥˣ
һʱҪôеǸû˫ִڡöĶϰ
ֵҲͣ㼯

һ⣺ţţĩ39֡ûؼң
ţţţţǵһˡţţļģţţµһ
ˡʣţţ˶ٷ֣

ڶ⣺ڲСش㣬ˮţţ
ʦʦѯʸڷϣṩ15δߵıҺΪ֤ʦ
ж˵15Һģûдڣţţܸ档ʣʦ
ĸѧУģ

2Фڵ˼άڳˡţƤ˵˵󻰣ö˶ɹ
˷㴵ţһˣܻѡ죬ӶݡФ
󳳴֣ȫ֪ģ񲻶Լˣɫ
ʵȥ۾ƭˣΪֲܿܿڡ
˹WWWWʲôϵͬ硢ͬµģ˵ѽһһФڡ
Фڡ̣׼һ˸֢һ顱תתȥԽ
Լˡ

пһ¡Ҫ²ˣ̫ˡ˵ٰѣòô򣿶
ٵ˵²⡣Ȼһ¶Ӵ٣
ö˾ͷԣΪɶϲ¡·Ը˴٣
쵼ԡΪ쵼һģĥƤɹʦˣֲ
ץȺھͲץˣܱˣǼץҿҲǺ¶ô


˰죬ȷһ̬ȣ

1ִ֧١ҡ͸ˣŮܹȨ
˵ʱˣеӻ𣬻
2ҥ˵ҪоݡԸ

(XYS20060812)

˿(www.xys.org)(xys.dxiong.com)(xys.3322.org)(xys.xlogit.com)

Ƽٱ

ߣһС

ŻФһеĶ磬ɫɫɺ޺ͺ´ٵѧ
ҷ׷׷ĭڿƼʿƵƵѡָʿ
ͬȨƫѧµ
ҡ淶ȵȡ

ʿֳ´ĵǿģҲͷһôˡ
ǵȻϣŬѹƿƼ٣ΪԼøӿɵ
ٻǣԱһձй̨ߣӦ
֪㣬ӦԼǶôܹðαӳĹҡ
ûĵµߣûʷУֻ˲ֶεı˽
Ĺô˵޲磬ΪǵĹ򡣶
ЩУǲҪǵͬ⣬Ĵ
֮ء

ǣ˿ĶҲڵģ˿ϵһЩ£
ˣҲһЩе٩ζ֮⣬Դٶǲܽ
е٩ġ

ȷʵǷԹߣΪ˲Ӧ˴ɱˡ
ȫȻԵʲôⲻ𶫹ǵĹ¡
ºͶԳޱȿݵĳǷǳкģǱ
Եġ

ФһˣʵˣѵԼж
ѵ¶̫һˣֶ֮Ŀŵһ
֮ţռҺ˰˵֮ޣΣ
֮ѵԴ϶йǹֵ𣿳Ȼʵ
ģǹʵԶԶģǱФ֮
Ψˣǲ޶ȵطص޶ȵǴ
ٷӣ޶ȵؼġۡ

һѧΪǶؽн¶ؽ
Уؽд٩

(XYS20060812)

˿(www.xys.org)(xys.dxiong.com)(xys.3322.org)(xys.xlogit.com)

ѧҽԺ־ڵѧ

𾴵ķ, ,

ںܶġ˲šվ¶٣׷ױְ񣬸
˹衣йѧѶĲϷչ, ЩٻĿռ
ҲԽԽСˡŬǷֲġǣڸԭ򣬻кܶ
٣ԽԽ󣬻ӻŹұĿԴѧҽԺĳ
ڣٰоҿƼȽ־еһ

־ÿεıݣģΪԼıȡ档
2002귢Clinical Cancer ResearchϵһƪΪ
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed
&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=11489795&query_hl=1&itool=pubmed_DocSum 
¶ʵپ־ƪУ126ٰ
ߵѪP53ıʵǶʱ䣬ҽԺûΪκһ
Ƶļ飬л϶ǱģеļⷽҲвͨġ
ձһѧָòջƪģڹͬǰ
 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubme
d&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=12231550&query_hl=1&itool=pubmed_DocSum 
ǰƪ¸ͷ棬ӣҸ, Di GHΪһ
ߣл־

 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubme
d&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=12795838&query_hl=4&itool=pubmed_docsum
ƪժҪһĿҲͬȴ󲿷ֲһ
Ѿ˵˸Ϳѧ̬ȣȻҽԺˮǿռ
˵Ŀгɹ2005ùҿƼҲϷųҪԺ
ʿܲ˳ԾͬôѧȣٸΣΣ

־ѧٵ黹кܶ࣬оٵֻдԵһӡ

ҽԺһҽ

(XYS20060812)

˿(www.xys.org)(xys.dxiong.com)(xys.3322.org)(xys.xlogit.com)

ӰԺȥ
20060809ܿи

δ

ѧ40%˲ŶǼٵġ ͩһ仰˾޴ۡ ƺ
ֻбԼԹߡ , ֻмһ? ,,־,ʮһ֮
Ѿҿһ, ǱΪαڵ˲, Ǽ, 
û40%? ëͬ־˵ûеûзȨ(Ա塷) ΢
Щʶ˶֪Щڵȥ¡ ϸѧ
Ƹ(ѧ) ? ҿܶǵȥ人
ѧȫߵƸİнѧԺԺ? û, ! Ľ
ڶѧ(1999), ֮˺֮ǰνʸӡ 

ÿ깤ʱ䲻(), ڱνɼ׿ 
863, NSFC̽ȡ,ѧ˲аۡ 2003겻100
ԪѧʢѧĽٿ񽱵NATURE, ȷǵһ
ͨѶߡɵλ̫ҽѧ! Īڽڶѧ
Ĺ? ڱȻѧ(Ŀƣ ϸNF-B
źŴо; ĿƣSignal Transduction of Apoptosis and NF-B 
activation; Ҫˣк͡µӢF 2005, 2006) 
°˾Ųʮ,ȷҲʱұ֮˶Ŀо
ек͵֡кͺҲ? Ժʿ, ʮм 湲ͬ? 
֮,  PUBMED¿ɿ»ǿ
̫ҽѧ, 򱱴, , Զ֮ һϸĳɹ
ҷ! û뵽ĻڿѧǷ 

󳤽нѧԺԺ, ν־ ֵõ
973 ϯѧ(2006CB504300 ȾߵĻо, ߹ 人ѧ
йѧԺ) ӦΪЧȮ֮˰? Ͼѧĸڹ
Ҳ֮Ұ? ûдǵĹ? 
û! Сѧ֪ʮ,Ӱһ ʵһת, 
NIH R01 ֱ20072010굽! (5R01AI049992-05 Intracellular 
Signaling Triggered by Tall-1/BCMA, 31-MAY-2007; 5R01AI062739-02
NKIP signaling and functions 28-FEB-2010) û뿪? Ҳ
ѽ, ҪùȻѧء غ֮ˮƽ

еαһƤ, ſڴƻơ Զ1998 Ƿ
й걨1998.11.12ڡйʷϿٵͷһء10н
ƸڡѧĿһУҽ˵Ȼһ
ȫĽְλһõоһݸߵĹʣҴص
̿Ҵӳһ𣬾ŻعЧֻûлˡ ȥ
ƺûҵعЧ

Ǳ,йһ, ƭ, ƭ? Ҳ߽С

վ:

վ
http://www.bio.pku.edu.cn/collegereview/scholarinfo.jsp?name=shuhb

ѧվ
http://www.uchsc.edu/immuno/Shu.html

ȻѧίԱ: 
http://www.nsfc.gov.cn/nsfc/cen/yjjh/2003/004_zn.htm

973ƻ2006-2007
www.973.gov.cn/mana/contfile/web/290/2006811647937a.doc

2005ȽҿѧڽĿ: 
www.cutech.edu.cn/ShowArticle.asp?ArticleID=11987  

2006ȽȻѧĿ: 
www.most.gov.cn/tztg/P020060720626398105008.doc

ڶ춫ʢѧĽ
http://www.pkuef.org/data/detail.php?id=204

ýNATURE
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v423/n6935/abs/nature01543.html;jsessionid=8092833BECF8FBD733F9FAD2E6BB1F24

ʮ塱863ƻִũҵ
nss.most.gov.cn/_resource/HtmlEditor/200510/20051025X1.pdf

(XYS20060812)

˿(www.xys.org)(xys.dxiong.com)(xys.3322.org)(xys.xlogit.com)

һλȫְĳѧƸڡФƽ

dcva

ѧʲְλ٣λС 

NIHȫְ 

http://www.grc.nia.nih.gov/branches/lcs/rsu.htm 

    Rui-Ping Xiao, M.D., Ph.D., Senior Investigator 

Head, Receptor Signaling Unit 

Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science 

E-mail: xiaor@grc.nia.nih.gov 


    ȫְ

ѧߡڷɣФƽ 

http://www.edu.cn/20060301/3175829.shtml 

ФƽѧҽѧѧƸڡƸθλڿѪܣ
ѧ 

˼ 

ФƽŮ196211ںұ1984ҵͬҽƴѧҽϵ
ҽѧѧʿѧλ1987ͬҽƴѧѧϵҽѧ˶ʿѧλ1987-1988
ڱѧѧϵʿ1991-1995ΪѧҽѧԺѧ
ϵʿʿѧλαѧѪоѪѧ
صʵѧίԱΡҡƻƸڣҽܳѧ
ߡ

(XYS20060812)

˿(www.xys.org)(xys.dxiong.com)(xys.3322.org)(xys.xlogit.com)

Ϊֻ̤



ֻ̤ĺô࣬ɴӹȥڣʱҵ𰸡
ﲢȫȻ壬Ϊֻ̤

ʷľѵֵע⣬ڽ֮йһģ˲ţ
ѧԱйϣƯصչ֮ʱ
1957귴ɶľκˣ򷭴亣ε죬ʱ
̤ȣǱؿѡԱϱȿ
ĸ׼飬ǻϵӣ򱻹ؽţ
ԻŷΪҡĸ֮Ⱳ˽ĺ꣬꣬Ƕݣ
ЩϸɲĴͬնڸУߣеϽ
ڸַʱֻשƬ߶ûзֵ빤ʮ꣬Ϊѧƽ࣬
жĥɱ¿ĺںⲻңһЩѧ
ɾֻͣѸ߶Ժʿ֮λʧ֮ԵЩӸؿɼ

԰ʮ򿪹ȺɣԷѹɣԷѳѧѧ
ʮ֮࣬ռķ֮һķ֮ѧɺںⷢչΪˣ
ŮͥںⱾ޿ɺǣǹҪ˲ţЩ˲ţ
ʣ߳ͳһĿǰĽֻ̤ӦΪȫ˵ϲߡ
һڹѧ׷ѧǰءں֮
ѧҷȡΪǱЧǹڸУΪ׷ܣ
ָ֣ĿǰֲŪ٣֮£
͵ҪȻԲ˳

ΪƣΪӦԿΪѣVisiting professor
Visiting scientistǼƣֻڹڹ23¼ȿɣڹҵ
ĿҲɲѯ

ΪƣԺʿĶλҲҪӦΣѧƺţ
ҵشĿ飬ѯԼڣƱɻеȨ
ȡ֮еλװҲ˵ѧˮƽ½壬Ц󷽡

ΪƣҲӦƸ뺣ⶥ⻪ѧΪԺʿ

˽ֻ̤״ȥ

(XYS20060812)

˿(www.xys.org)(xys.dxiong.com)(xys.3322.org)(xys.xlogit.com)

߱



ǰ˵Сһƪ۵ĵߵѹң
෽棬ʱҪƪ
߸ˡࡱĸ磬һblogʾʲô
汾ġࡱ

ƪһ8εĴײָޣƣδȨ
תҸ׺ҵ´11ƪ֮ࡱҲǡ޷ۡϸ޵
վ֮󣬷Ǹרⲻǰ11ָ˵blog
ӡҲҪȨάWWWҪˡ

СһƪԼ֡ƶʿࡢΪһת
ֻĿ˵޴ɵһιס֤¼ע
⡰ʵ޴ַĪС±˲֪ʲôǡ
һҪʾһ£

µǣȻ˵ĻȻȷӵȼ̫࣬
˴ֹڱ֣˵Щͼˮ棬ǸֵĶ
ˣͽֽԼҸ֤ɫȥɱ֮Ȼ
Σô˼֤ʳԡ鵱ȻŻ㣬Ҫȡļ
ǽ֡

һͷһμŮҪ˺ĸһԾ
ǰ˵ҲҸ֤ɫֻ̬ȡĻ
ȻԼҲΪĸʤ㲻ߣΪǽ
赶߱ңѵΪˡ֡

ƺеˡҪҽĲҲһⲻ
ЦҲǷ̣һʵһϸŮ־״̬д
ԵĻѧֻܿŴԵģǸȾͬһִ̼
ĳЩĲԭ壬繭γ棨Toxoplasma gondii

ϸŮѺͬ£ȰϸŮȥҽһ
Ҫͱ˾ˣһƱ˺׾ˣⲻ˹֮
ļǣҲ벻Ҫʹ˲񻯵ˡ


ԭļhttp://blog.sina.com.cn/u/4744c98701000539
ע⣺͵͵޸ֵϰߡ

(XYS20060812)

˿(www.xys.org)(xys.dxiong.com)(xys.3322.org)(xys.xlogit.com)

ΪʲôûСѧҡӼ룿

taki

ҹѧҸɫ˶֮ҷЩѧҺԵ
ѧʵխɫĿҲйͬ
ص㣺򵥵ҪСѧɫ򵥣ɫ
äСѶסȶԣΪΪȫʵѧƺ
ѧⶼ̫⣬ǺɫͬѧӼ룬
ҲûĸѧȥȻߵ۵λҪöࡣҵĲ²ǣӼ
ġͬסΡͬߡЩѧ˵ʵڲöԸ
ֶûУôõϡľأ

Ϊ򵥼һм򵥣ۡɫ壨ò
׳˸ĸ߹ⶼû㶮ǵ֤Ҳһ
򵥣ԼʦһΪ˵ܶѧʦܼԼȷ
ܶʦץסľһеģǽз豹档Ǿϻ˵ʦ
ʵڲӦ֪ΪʲôûƳӼά-˹
˹̣Ϊûѧûѧƫ΢ǿ⣡

ѧߵһǸС֪
Ҳ֪Լ;˵Ĳ֪͡ηĵǰһλʦ˵
һУҪкܺõ츳˷һӡܶȴ
ȷȡ˹ȷȡū𣬳ŰӾˣȴǸʦ˵Ĳ
ࡣΪҪѧƷ۵Ĳ΢ּΣ
֤ɫĲˡԼ費˵籯˵ذ̾û
ߣ̾ĲѧܾͿ֪ʵ˻
ͷΪѧ˳ԹѧȥһҪ
ƴġ

.޽˹˵Ƕ֪ģֻڲ֪ͬѡÿ
˿ԽԼеʱӦý˵Ƕѧ߳ɾ͵أ
С˵ǸԼ·Ҫȥʵ˷ĳ˵
ȷɱʽ

(XYS20060812)

˿(www.xys.org)(xys.dxiong.com)(xys.3322.org)(xys.xlogit.com)

ųƭġ

ߣ˼

2006-05-0110:46:47ĲϹˡ"ɫ"ܿ
Ϸһġ

2006-08-0912:02:34ڡԪ߼Ϳƽɫ
Ϸ˵²䣺

׿㻭ʲô״Ĺ磬Ҳɫеκ
ɫֻҪӵɫڼ׻֮󣬻µɫķֲ
䣩

仹ͬСɣԭĹû"ڼ׻֮󣬻
ɫķֲ"һԣµ³ϷˣֻҪ
ͷͼһȡʤ

ڡ˿ƪ¹鼫׵ıʤʱ䶼7
µסʱһλ"粵"ֺܿ쳾䶨

06.07.25, ˼"ܿϷ"߶Զ
06.07.30, ˼α"Ϸ"ĸ򵥽⡷
06.07.31, ١˼α"Ϸ"ĸ򵥽⡷֤
06.08.01, ˼˼""
06.08.01, ˡָ˼

ЩҪǸѣǸʲôϷʵǺ
ܵҲûʲôֵһǰתϣѸ
ѡһƪҲòֳɶΣడѽ
ֵǣЩѸʧˡһתŮĲϣҲһ
ʧػиźţλȷʾɾģȻø
֡

ҪɾѵסҵĿ𣿺Ҿ˿ͣһƪһƪ
ȤԿ

http://blog.sina.com.cn/u/1415084830

ɾɾҵ»һáͷ֪ԼĶ
̫ɵñ˰³ڻϷƺǺܲ
ģϸŮҪǵѰҲȰϷһ
µ￿Ϸ˭˭ǣҪģֱȥ

ص¹ǾȼĲʵҲŲȥҿ
µĹѾɫ°ţҲͿģһϷֽϵֵͿ
ٴΰͿɸѻ"ѧѻ"

˵Ϸʤ

ػͼһ뻭Էͼˡ˭֪ɫ
Ҫܻһ޽ͼ񲻵Ʒɫ𣿣ֻȴ
ͼһͼһɳԷˡڲ֤ͣ
ɫ˼Ѿ֤˵ģ֤ʲô˼ԷǦʹ
ȥͷԣȴ趯ԽϷ˭ȤҺ
ɣϸŮпյʱǲҲ氡Լ棬ȰҲ
ȥ棬˭ôɵʱ鷳ǾأҸȰλˣ
ͷԱúλһŹ֡һѧˣһϴС"С"
е鷳

ʵڸλʱ䣬йͼԺ󣬼ʹûʲô
ܲð"йͼиʡֲӣ
ɫʱֻҪ3ɫɡ"

֣ҿйͼôϼҽĵͼʼ
пɫɵġԺͼ"
ͼиʡֲӣɫʱֻҪ3ɫɡ"ɵ
뷨""йͼĿǰйͼȻӶǸŮ
̫һ㡣

ⲹ"㻭ʲô״Ĺ"⻰ʵ״
˱ĳƬϵͼԺ˽⣩ҿԸ˵λ
ͼ۵̶ȾԲһСѧ֤ɫһĻ
ҲǸŮͼѡ

(XYS20060812)

˿(www.xys.org)(xys.dxiong.com)(xys.3322.org)(xys.xlogit.com)



ߣţ
 
һ

ѧойھǾѧֻϵһĹס
ڰҪ󣺡пԺΪһοѧᣬý
ߡ̨ΪһεĿѧᡱ߹й
һλѧҶûеõģȻΪԼǲɫ
֤ĵһˡ

йѾв١ѧҡ֤ɫҲ˵
ʵѾѧҡ֤Ǵġ
ָѧҡ֤Ĵ֮ʲô
ѧҡ֤Ǵģ

ٸӣhttp://www.zww.cn/baike/html/1/1405.shtmlһ
ɫָ֤֤ںδ

ӽʾ֤ȷģѾסȻ
ѧҡ֤ǴģΪǱȷӻ
ôЩɱġѧҡѵƴ

Լ߼ڵΪǡйѧҵɱ
֡ЩѧҡԾȻҷ
ʡϾЩѧҡľ׷ǰ뷽ӵľ׷ں



һ뷽ӡԾķǹҲӷµ
ȥ

ָֻ÷߼©ӽսĿѧ
ԲУȻܷ֤ǴġȻȫ
ʤֻܺԾл¡ǣһ꣬˷
֤еĴ㵱ȻҲֻԾл¡

ôѧе⣺ԩķ
ٻ

ѧ֤ڼ˷ִǲġ磺1878
1880䣬ʦѧҿպ̩˷ֱύ֤ɫ
ģ֤ɫҶΪɫӴҲͽˡ

11󣬼1890꣬ѧҺԼľȷָյ֤
ġã̩յ֤ҲǷˡȺԺʿĽ
http://www.gzjzes.net/forum/Display.asp?ID=2724&Board_ID=60

𾴵Ƶġ뷽ӶԾķʹ߼
©

ָɫ֤û߼©

(XYS20060812)

˿(www.xys.org)(xys.dxiong.com)(xys.3322.org)(xys.xlogit.com)



ŷ

϶һƪΪһע""̱ꡱţϢ
˹󰮹ļעҾбҪ˵˵ԼĿ

ȻͶʣ̼ҵĿ޷йǱг
һϯ֮أֻ׬Ǯ̼ҵĸĿġ

ôһҡձڻҵ֪⡱й
ǳսйܵ˺£ôð֮踣ȥע
һ뵱ֻվġߡԨԴġ⡱̱Ļ
ڷɶ˻̱۳ĹҵĳЩ˵
¼¹˾һ⾰йгվסš
뻹ĸԸðйΪеķա˰
̵ġûɲŵʵԡǸ
޸սһձ˵ĵ绰һʼٸߵĿ޷й˶ձ
˵ĳĻֻ˵й˵ıˡ

һ£˸Ϣص⣬google
yahoo㶼޷ҵ롰ձҵʽ硱صݣ
ָġ¼ҲһҲɵûνڻձҵ
ڵʵˡ

룬ǳޡձˡ˺й֮ǰбҪʵһ¡

ϢԴ˭
ں̱Ƿλ
Ϻ̱ǷĴ̱

δ֮ǰΪǻЩⱻһ
ʹſպǵһǻ顱

ô˵ҲһƬԡߡǵáһҪ˵һ䣻
Ҫԡ

(XYS20060812)

˿(www.xys.org)(xys.dxiong.com)(xys.3322.org)(xys.xlogit.com)

ڵӦô쿯(4)
Һҵ־ò˵Ĺ

Gary

ˡ쵥λ༭Ĺϵ

ڱ༭ƵĿ˵쵥λ༭Ĺϵͺӹϵ
Ҫ,òҪ,Ӳòרְ໹һ㣬֪
ĿѡְԱ༭֮㱨ǷѾҲ
֧֡òֻ֧㣬粻ġܣ
ѡɲ,ջݡΪʵʸı༭12꣨
һӦƸȥվÿ궼רо쵥λ쵼û
ùһô쿯ָʾҲ˵ûֱӶıʵ
ۣǸۣûСʱĹдı֮
ԺʵʱкüҲˣд˵θڣп˵
ƽʱʱʱһлҲǣҲǡ˵
ĳ쵼θҡڻˡҪʱ˵泧
ͻװѯʹݡƭͻΪĹ
˷ӳĴѵʾֻܾԶ֮ѾΥְҵº
˵ԭǾµģ˵ҡ˲䡣ְҵ
º˵ĵҾ

쿯쵥λǮͰ죬ûǮͲҪˡǱ༭Աֻ
һߣûκȨκβȨСúˣ㵥λҵ
ãֻһнˮѡں쵥λԸǮ쿯ˣ
ҪǱ༭ԱӪԸӯãûϵҲҪһȨ
ûȨʲôҲˡ

ǵ뷨չɱ༭йչ쵥
λ뷨ȴһʼҪӮ㲻ӦҾˡ

Ա쿯Υйų棬ȡѹߡ쿯
ĿԴΪ׻߶Զ

š༭ߵĹϵ

ҿ༭ߵĹϵˮĹϵûõ߹ϵû
ĸ༭첻ġơɸΪ֮
гΪҪʵߺ͸ĸ˱༭е
˸֮⣬Ҫʵи߸ꡣͬĸ˿ǿӰ֮⣬
¾ǸˡڼƻʱƽĸƶȣѲ
߿̫ܲƽϸѵĶ٣ֻѡӰĿ﷢ˡȻӰ
ҲǲСӵһҪءЩԸǮͶҲҪӰĿ
ϷְӰ졣Ҳж־ĳѧӰ첻
⡣һƪһɹķҿҪͳʱ䡣
ߣĶ涼ӰʣµʱؾǷǳҪˡһ
һڿѧӦǲͬġӰĿԴ࣬Ҫ
ŶӷЩҪշѡ£ȷѡҪĿһ
ѧˡҸҵĽǰµ·Ӱ
ʱ͡շ

߷¾ҪͬжԼѧĿ϶ֿ϶
ͬרġ༭ԱֻЩߵĹЩ
޸ĺͽ顣µķ̶˫˵ģƽȹ
ϵ༭Ӧ˽ηġշѷߵֹϵ׻˵
ҵ˼ҵ߽˷ѣһһ绰Ҫ塣Щ
༭˵ơַ°쿯ﻹ
һƽȵӰӣһгƷϵذһ
Ʒ컯ΪһƷĽ̡ѧʥַȻ
޴档༭ߵĹϵһʮӹ׵Ʒϵ

ʮ༭ߵĹϵ

˵༭ߵĹϵǣǱ༭ϵۡ

˵ϵۣ˵쿯ҪȿǶߵĶȡһݶ߲
Ŀûġÿ궼ҪһݶĶͬһڵ
־ĸǵĶߣǷĶͽ顣Ȼµһն
ͽпеĲ֣ʵʩȵı༭мƻȥ

ԶΪһҪؿǰ쿯ҪΪġ

һӰضųշΪĵĿû
ģҲǰ첻õġΪΥ˰쿯ĻԭĿġֿʱ
Լȷ̬ΪְƷ񣬲Ϊѧλ񣬲հ
νķѣ෴ǻѣȻࡣгҲ
һˡǵȻʱˣֲ쵥λ쵼Ҫ־
ˡʵǵĿĺȷǾְ쿯ʺ͸
ߣԼĸΪһѭĿǿ
ظĸڶߣӰĿ
ù߸ꡪʵߡȻõĸ
һѭʵУһ꣬ŤΪӯмԪ

ôΪʲôأ쵼ǵͬʱҲ
Լܣǹ̫ƻˡǡս
Ӱеһ̨ʡҽãʵҵ˼ǣ쵼Լ
һ£ǲĹƳʲô⣬ڲܵҵĻ԰

ԶΪϵۻҪСڶߡ

߻ĶָĴ©һڵĿϼ
ʱԡյǡʽɶ߽¶ĳϮ߾Ǳ༭
ĵʵҲڿϽع⣬ЧȡԲڸԭ
ĶߣֻҪҪ󲹶ܼʱ貹ЩҪ
ĳӡĳЩ£Ƕ䷳ظ輰ʱİʵ
˾ѣǶصĵ

ʮһӳ뿯Ĺϵ

ǰһƼ鱨ı༭ע⡣
ѧ̰˵ѡйؿɹ̰淢С
ĿƼ鱨¹֪ҪԡҲҪ
ӹ̰棬ʡȲμ廪ѧ̰ѧ־֮һͬʱһ
һʱ߿Ƽڿ༭ѧ鳤ǿǽһ´ȫ
ʡĿƼڿ๤´Ӧ˶ڷչҲõ廪
ѧ̰Ĳ֧֡Ӧ˵̰ĳڷչԿӰ
ģչڣΪ಻Эءһǳ羺ҡ
֪ľҹ̷гͬĹǸڿ
ı̫͡ǰȨ⡣

ҹ̳˹̰ԣҲг
ɸ༭ʴӣһ֡һŮ򡱵ĸо̰ĳҲ
ˮƽ˵Ҫѡʵգһӵ״Щ
ΪְƶģҲˡǿ˵˫
¿ÿҲǼԪϹ̰룬༭̫١
Ĺ̫ࡣΪ˱ڹͳƣһ̳绹Ҫͳһ
ʽ׼˱༭Ķ⹤оÿıŸʽǧ
ƪһɣǧһףûиԣûд£ҿҲû˿ԡ

ȨҲҪǵ⡣ĿһÿԼԼ
̣ǹŹ̳棬Ȩ壬Ա༭Ϳ
ķչ漰༭ľѿ֧ǮԳ
ֳã༭ҹ˾¼ԼĹ̰ƷԱԼ
Ȩδ

(XYS20060812)

˿(www.xys.org)(xys.dxiong.com)(xys.3322.org)(xys.xlogit.com)

Hugo de GarisһЩ

WP

˿ϹHugo de GarisۣебҪ˵Щ

˹꣬˽de GarisĹһ
ϳ֪ҪңõĴrelocation人
̸˵йļƻ"ȫְ"Ӧǲġ

de GarisоǺģҲǶԵġҲͬ˹ܵ
۵㣬ΪĳԱ߽ͬ""мֵ
˹һδͳһĺ;Ѳ˵̫⡣

(XYS200612)

˿(www.xys.org)(xys.dxiong.com)(xys.3322.org)(xys.xlogit.com)

ڳڿĶCеOverriding

ãվ쿴㷢еС⣬ϣߣ
Ȼᱻ˵αѧġ

overridingӦoverloadingкܴġ


Richard bao

(XYS20060812)

˿(www.xys.org)(xys.dxiong.com)(xys.3322.org)(xys.xlogit.com)

һΪ˰޷˿վĹ˽˿վĶ̬ؿ
˿ʼбxys@yahoogroups.com

ʼбÿ췢һ˿վ¸µϣÿµ׷һÿ
Ŀ¼ʼбĶμ롰˿֮ѡ
ʼбxys_friends@yahoogroups.com

ù䶩ġù䣬ܿ޷յ
Ƽ䣺yahoo.com, hotmail.com, gmail.com

ġ˿ʼбĵ䷢һհż

xys-subscribe@yahoogroups.com 

塢ͣ˿ʼбͣ䷢һհż

xys-unsubscribe@yahoogroups.com 

Ͷxinyusi@yahoo.comôıļͶ塣

˿(www.xys.org)(xys.dxiong.com)(xys.3322.org)(xys.xlogit.com)

