                         ˿µϣ20061025գ

06.10.25, ӡɲóġɻ
06.10.25, 졶ҽӦñֹ
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06.10.25, ǿӹоʷϵλ
06.10.25, ϡ˹ĵĵȮ

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                  ɲóġɻ

                          ӡ

    һλ߸ҼһݡۺϿ족߻飬Ҷ
һۣǸļһ򱣽ƷҵȤ

    οһרSODϵбƷĹ˾ġSODǹ
᪻øӢдɻĿǺп
䡢ˡǿ⹦Чԣ
֯Ϊ21ǰ;ҩøù˾SODơϡڷҺ
ҡ۵ȲƷSODƷȾлԱߡڳ
ȾĸɽҰֲȡЧؽSODڷ⡱ȵص㣬
õףʵĸ

    ôSODʲôôĹЧ

    Ҫӡɻ˵ϸʱĸ
ϸԴһֽϸʳӾһϵ
ﻯѧӦתãһ³
л̣ͬʱһ߶ȻõСөɻɻ
֮һ룬ǷǳױϸڵĻѧ
ӦŴˣ»ͻ䡣

    ͻĽһ˵кģᵼ°䡣ɻǻ
ͻΨһԴأ䡢̡ʳеĶ
أᵼ»ͻ䣬ɻ³´лвģ
ʹǳ޷ġϵĻͻԴȪɻҲܶԵ
ˡһֱȽе˥ϼ˵Ϊɻ
ɵ˲ۻϸ֯ٺϵͳʱƶ
ĥʧյ˥Ϻ

    Ϊ˷ֹɻĹɵˣϸ׷ϵͳһ棬ϸ
һ޸ܹ޸ɻɵĻˡһ棬ĳЩ
ܹɻɻγΣ֮ǰ䲶׽к͵

    SOD֡ɻһתʵУһSOD
תӬڣʹӬϸSODЩתӬ
ӳ˴Լ40ɹɻ˥ϼ˵һ֧֣õý
㷺ıƷҲ˻ƳSODƼΪ˥ϱƷ

    SODһֵʣڷн׷ֽɰ
ϸգٷSODĹܡĿǰûкܺõЧ취
ҩڳյ⡣ͬSODͿĨƤҲܱϸ
աҪSODЧ취ûƷѶSOD
תڡҲ˵ƷĿǰ죬ʹܹ쵽ǷӦô
ҲֵؿǵġSODѱصĶ
ú񾭼һֻжֹܣֻһֹܣ
ظá

    ϸԼɻҲաʳеĿ
ɻάCάEͦºܲضΪЧ
ϸеɻˣҪϸɻ
ȥԲκЧġɻƷԸ
߲ˡˮҪעǣЩɻ
ʵʵ֤ģڿвͬЧԶ
иá

    ңܹȵؼɻк档
ɻһǴƻߣǡǡ෴ǲҪ
ϸֳϸͨѶϸϸγɰ
߷Ӧȡûɻɻ٣ֹͣˣЩ
ܰɻĿַãƻ
ܡǵ벻ɻɻҲ˥
ϡ˥̲ɱĸΪṩԴĻͬʱҲ
˴ݻӣʹһѰҿ˥ϵ鵤ҩŬʮ
ã

2006.10.23.

й걨2006.12.25

(XYS20061225)

˿(www.xys.org)(xys.dxiong.com)(xys.3322.org)(xys.xlogit.com)

ҽӦñֹ

ߣ

˵Ϊǧ֮ӪֱĪ
Ƕ֮
ι

ڿʼҵƪ֮ǰȱҶġҽšĿ
ҷԺҽĳɡҽ걨ŲΪҹӦ걨ҽ
ΪŲΪҽйģйͳĻһ֣ң
֧֡ҽ걨Ų˵ˡҽӦִбֹ
ҽӦΪһȥʽӴ˹ԹԵءСڲݺʷ
˲ιۡо

Ϊʲô˵Ӧ÷ֹҽأΪҽͷԣ
ҽѧġҽǻѵġסǧʷϣй
ûСҽѧеֻһѡҽνҽ
һƱʦ

˵⻰ʡΪ֤ҵĻǲòȶԡҽͷͱ
Լӹŵظ죬һЩۣһʷԵ
̽Դʷ̫ˣԣƪֻǴ֦Ҷ˵һ¡

һҽ֡ϵͳ

ϹңԶйǶԼʶǳɫʵġΪ
ǡǴǡ͡ǡ۽ҪãҪݷ
ռ񻰵ı£ҽͳˡ΢飬ǲ
µһϵе׷٣

šҽҲ

ϴҽҩ

顤۽⡷ҽ߰ҩ

˵Ľ֡ҽβҲ

Ƶھ硷ߣ֪ٲ֮ʤ֪䲡֮ߡ

ɴ˿ɼסǡҽҽǡסҽǽ
ֿܷġ

ȻǻҪ֪ǣʲôǡסأд𰸣

һо塷¹Իס

˵Ľ֡ףΣ轵Ҳ

˵Ľ֡꣬իҲԻ꣬ŮԻס

ɼҽǵĿУ˺͹֮Ϣн飬ҽ
ͨҩͨġԳ
а

лʷϣڡƵۡ͡ũϡ׵ۣҽҽҩĹ
ףʵͳͳǹƨȫǼٵġνġƵھũݾ
ǺġҽҪ޳ܣСƵۡ׵ۡдģֱ
ڹԪǰ400սʱڡԪ1ʱڣΪʾȨ
Ժʥԣϧ顢ַȨ˵Ƶۡ
׵ۡҲ̸ʲôΪֻϹңԶġ顱
񻰷šѡҽĲȻ񻰷šƨ¡

ʷϣҽܹ׷ݵı棬ʱġ̡͡
Ҳǡ̡͡Ϊҽ춨һҽ֡εĻ
ҵǿԿ

ҽ

ϴҽ

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̫ƽ̣ҢҲԺΪҢ֮ҽ

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֡лޣʮ״Ӵҩڡ

׵֡ġ׷࣬иE
yy֮ʬԲٲ֮ҩԾ֮

Ȼ̡͡˼͹Ϣн飬ôˡҩ
ҩ֮ҩ⣬Ӧðŵһ׽ġҽ
ҽǡףɡڡףɡǿԿ

˵Ľ֡ףףҲ

ɽ̫ף˃Ӥһ赡

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Ƶھƾ֮ۡβΩƾףɶѡ

⣬ڡʫ⴫һڡףɡȤӣ

é֮ΪҽҲݸΪϯΪף֮ʮԶ
ߣƽʡ

λéΪУǿ֪ףɡװŪ 

ףɡΪһװŪġҽǽνġҽۡĳ
Ρףɡ֡ҽۡѧı£ףɡ
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ҽǧİ궼ġ֮ҽķչʼ
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ҽΡıȵǱȵԼе׸ǡס˼㡣

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ġνġҽװŪǡҽʦ
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ǣǧʷϣɣ壬ѧ˼ָµ
ҽ֡ϵͳһֱ֣еһȤı־ǣΪҽ
׹粮ӡһֱȥһЩֵĶ֮
ʲô־ͳʲôȫʲôɷ֡Ʃ磬Ƥݸ֣
ͳƤвݸ֣Ҫ򣬻УʺҲֵģǾҪʺ
ӳʺӤʺţʺʺٵʺ¿ʺʺʺȸʺ
ʺʺʺӥʺʺʺʺ֮ʺԣֻҪ
ʺճԲ󣬲ܶζġġ2003ꡰǵ䡱
ĵʱ򣬡׹粮ӡֹĶйȥ԰

˿Цõǣֱʮһ͵Ľ죬סҽ֡ϵͳ
ȵţϵڷãصġҽѧԺҽ
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СӡϵĹȣǵġƫ
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˹(Pasteur)֤ͼȾ΢ģƺ(KochR)ֻ
˸˾̿Ҹ˾÷ƷMechnikovl Iϵͳ
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(Nightingale F)ʿѧУʹѧΪһſѧȵȵȵȡ

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죬һкǧסˣ

ΪȽĻĴͷңž紵ʱ
ʹйҽȺĹȣӸһ㶯ҡ̾
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һʼɡҽǿ1693꣬űʱ͢
һҽ޲ߣʿӦͺȡӡȵĿ
£169374գڡű񬡱ע2

Ȼ˲ûб͡ҽ̧ߡҽľۣǣ
ΪϷӹҽ߲ԴˡҪСġͿ
ĵűĳӲԼѧоУ
ɡҽšҽ̬ȡ

¼ˡҽڡҽǰ׵ʧܵĻҲǡҽ
ʼ˵һźš֮󣬿ʼ˴󵨵ķ񶨡ҽˡ

һ񶨡ҽĴѧСͨʷ伮Ŀ죬
еóˡҽҲ׶ӡ֮ҽһҲ֮ҽһҲĽۡ

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ҩ֮ߣ䲻ҩߣ䲻ҩߣҩ֮಻ע
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۵ֱӵˡҽ̰֡칦ıʡִҽѧѧ
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ģȻڹŴǲ֪һ㣬ˣֻҪڲȬĹУԹ
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ѧϽġǣڵʱû֪ʶѧΪе
ԴˣķֻڡӸжԸɡĽ֡ͬʱ
жġҽѧȱ˽⣬ʶԼʶ롰ҽ
£ͬѧףע6⣬޷ִҽѧ֪ʶ
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̲ҽҲȻ಻ҽҩ

ڡҽҩ֮£ˡҽҩۡ

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ҽıȽСһ㣺

ҽҽѧóҽѧſȡһȲ׼ƾѧ
󾫡й֮ҽǺ˲ҽһҲ

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ҽҩҽ䣬֮ҩ̣֮ҩƷζӣ
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ҽұ£˺βηҽȬصԸ˲ҽҲ

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ǵڶ͵㡣֣ӦĹ۵ԴšѧΪ壬ѧΪá
ʱӡǽϵ֣ƩΪҽѧж̳
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롢ĽȵȵȵȣЩУнܳĽңҲ˼֪
ʶӣͨĻʦĻ˶ڶԡҽ
УԼļֵȡ򣬲ôˣҲ֣Ӧ
ôǽˣǵӰͷԡ³棬ҽǽͷö

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ԡβ֮ռũ帾ŮŮ֪ࡣ˽죬Щġ
ҽũ



죬ҽһδĹǡҽļȵΪ
˻һϧáЮй˵飬ֿϵִ
ڿ͹ϣ谭йҽѧִĽŲҽʵӦñֹ
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ΪʺϡҽںͷӵķǣΪͳĻһ֣
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ҽڣôִҽѧȫȡֻǸ⣬ʱ


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ҽұ񡰱֤ʩΡǣҽڡֻ֤
ǱȻʩε˼ɡֻ֤Ϸ
ѡ

ҽұααǣʲôǡĶ
ҽ̸֪Ρ

ҽǿѧʲôѧϵͳѧʽƨԴ
ڡססȥڡͨ
ҽڣڵʱˣǧ
Ѿݻһ֡Ҳ˵ɣ
ҽԱǣ¾֡ȻҪͨβ
ڵıҪԡʣô񾭵ġìܵġ
죬áβⲻǿЦ

ˣֹҽǵ֮Ҳҹҽѧִĵһ

д2006102025

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ע1߰ġʷָףʷסָף

ע2ġ񬡱ָȬ˼ڴµϸأɼڴʿ
ྩԡƪ

ע3Сҽۡȫ顤¥롷ʮ塣

ע4ͬ

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ߣĶġʶȻҲѧζ

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ע8˸ݺġ½ٰоͼΪҽ½ٰ
ġ򲡡׺ಡԺҽҩֻ
ΪŷȫԼʹҽκˣҲϷ˵
ǲʵʷйһʵɼܡʶҽʲô̬
ȡ

ע9ᶡҽѧ۶ֹҽɨҽ֮


ע10йҽѧͨʷҽƪ

(XYS20061025)

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ҽĺ

ߣֹ²

һٵָͨΪĳĳƷʹüֵ
Ӷ̧۸񣬸ٵԱɽռ֮Ϊȫͨá

ҽΪһƷʱƲǱȻģкĳ
ģкĳֶεģкĳҩƷֻûжôҽѧ֪ʶ
ͨߣǮˣȴδõȷΡеҽƺУҽ
һ

ÿĵϣһЩƵ¸أ֪ʶԨĴʦǿӴ̸
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õóϸĿѧݣҩߺУֺЦ
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ݸĿߣ˵طǴӳɳѺĹãƾõĶ,
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ȣѧûйģΪΪо̽伲ķ
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ļȥ

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ȷԴҽľԣͨΪ⺭֤ʵ˵ȷԣ
˿ţһΨĵ͡

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йأǵĹܵõȻ֪
ʶõѧͷԣҲͲäĿҽˡ

⣬һЩҽƲйأкܶļǲ
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ҽɡ

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ڰɡ

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ǲܷ񶨵ʵҪִҽѧͣĳЩ
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һЩĲһõһЩҩȷʵЧǾӦ
ӽűһҳҩóɷݣܸõ
Ϊ

(XYS20061025)

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ҽϾʱ

20061025йܿ

ǹȵţǼ˵ķ񶨣̬ȶӳһЩ˿
ͳĻֵҽҩѾһϾʱ

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200493գá

ѧҡŵˣ׾ӰлĻ
˼άʽӰǽѧûйѿҪԭ֮һ 
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ۺܿ켤ǿҷӦѧȶ
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ġйͳĻйƼչӰ̳ϣһμԼĹ
㣬ᵽ׾ݷԼ˺һĹ谭ִѧ
йѿԭ֮һ

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оĳ·ڵʾйĻģʵõģҲʹй
ԼĿѧǾҽȴΪ˵ҽ
ǰԼġϵȥͲзչûǰ;

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Ǿٲά衣⡰ӲҽҽԺУҲкܴ󲿷ڲ
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ͬ20062£йͳҽҩ걨ĻŲίԱרȷ
ҽۡ﷨Ʒҩĺҽҩ(ҽҩ
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Ǹ

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Աִ͡ѧķʽƳԼĴͳĻֿ
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ý ҽ֮⵽ҽĿ飬֮ȫ۵֧Ԯ
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ʿȡҽʦְƵҽҲȨɡ

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Ϸ˵ڡص۹ѧ

    ߣAK47



ͤ䡪

һȺ̫ࡪʱ˻¹١ӵһ󺺣ص۹
һκϷʹ˿ʼȣ

ǴĿ࣬ͷñбһӣһӢӹ
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˷Ļˣ׷ΤĲʿΤУ߲ܣ
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λսʱһλˡǴ˼ҳֳ
ϵͳֶͩСôع򽱡֮
ͽãΤղҲ˳ؿλѧ¡



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죿׻˵ǰˣһʤΤéɳ
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Ǵ󳼣ݱ߿֤ԋԺ󣬴ҽĹġ
ҽ򣬱ް֣֮ҲǋԺݱһס
ٴҽԺҲĽƸΪ׼油Ԥ۲챸ûЭͬί
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ۣ̫巢һе㣬ΪϷ仡ݱ߿֤ǧ
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Сֱ󿵣ǧģΤҲʦͽ٣Ծй⣬ֻ
ΤҲ·мңȴо֪֮ͽԶﴫ˵Ȼ
·ҽôҽҲȻǴⲻ֪ΤҲ
ϴͷΣԩ



˺ֶͨ˾ѡؿѧԺԺʿͷоС֪
ĵËҽѧѧһʦ
Ȼáİء˵ҲǸʦΤ
Ȼ֧֣԰ѧרӸNߣ拪
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عѧһƬΤһټǹ֣һԼಲƴ
һרϴΤϳ֮ͣһ
ǧ𡱡˵ΤѧǺˮƽҲôһʮֵ
һҲܸģֻعѧµλBOSSԺ󻹵Ȧ
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̾鳡⣬ٳʧ⣬Ȼѡص۹ѧԺ
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TMDȻéӣ԰ͳףʧʧҲνˡǋų
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ͤеӵˡͤһݣ絳ͤ
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֤ݣ˰һƷֿĿ¼Ըы˵ͤ
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ۺӣСӣͲ֪ˡΤеǮѸ
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ͤȻ𾴡һУͤʱͷĿѣλ
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ͤһôֵҲʶã״ʦ֣ҡ
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ͤգ󵨱棬ϷŪͤͤͤ



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⼸꣬ҹĿӺֹʮڹ˿ȣ
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Ԥ۲챸ûЭͬίпѡϰѧߣ֪֮ͽʶ֣
벻׼ȷԶﴫ˵ȫְԼδô˵Ը߼
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⣬Ȼͤ

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ڵȵˡһ죬ʿҵñΪ
ʬϧҲδԺʿĵʦΤǣ
ԺʿͷΣڷص;ɱǴؿѧԺȨա
˹ĲҪΤһλӺ⼮Ժʿ֣
ˮŦŪٵĳšͶЩټٵĺѧĻ
һ֮£䲼ˡ˹ȻҲ⡣˹˴
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䣬ɨϣһͳ£ԺšʼʡӴͬģͬ죬
ǣ޳۵ҵ˫˹ͳһ֣涨عС׭Ϊͨ
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С̫ԸڴʿֲӾµж˹Ҳõ
ӴԸ˹⹴ᣬͬѳѧ硣

ڱ˹ѧϣʿξ
ַ磬˹ûŭʼʣ׵伮ͳͳٻ٣ֽİٶλֲͬ
ξüѧǼɱ⡣Ӵѧೣֻи蹦
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ʼʼݱԸֺ˹ָ¹Ϊѧ磬ؽɽҲҡҡ׹
ӤɱԸߣΪʱؽɽѾ߽⡣йֽȺ
¹ʱ

սͳһйΡͨؽ˿ѧ
Ժսʱټѧʢڳлҷʹ
ǧţ

벻뺫ӵССͻȻշһѧѣ벻
ǧлϣΤ˹ԸߵһѧȻ
겻ɢ񲻿̾

ǣ

ѧǧŴ˵ԩ
ε㳤ˮӾؼ죡

(XYS20061025)

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ʡʽȥְ

qsw

ʡվ[http://www.ah.gov.cn/xxgk/xxgk.asp?isort=rsrm#  
 2006-10-18ʡ֪ͨ]

ʡ֪ͨ
֡200637š20061018  
(2006911)
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http://www.ahnu.edu.cn/nic/lingdao.htmlûϢ
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XYS20060816Ϣѱٷȫ֤ʵ

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(XYS20060505)λҽѧԺԺνҽҩߵר
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(XYS20061025)

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ԴӾնġѧҶɵ졷˿Ժ󣬲
УѶĸУձɽ֮Ƶԭ˼ָ򣬿һλ
--Ľʦǣ⼸ûץסΪû
һλУ˵ҪģѧӢУҪ
һλӢۡͻΧɱһѪ·ȻλӢ۱붮
ʱƣܹҷԴб벻򣬻ҪǱ򣬸
֮ҪԸȨ (XYS20061021)֮Ϊ
Ϊһλ壬мˡ

֪ķ˿˷Ժƣ
ΪйĻãʱ˵ⲿϣѧ
ĹϲãѧλȨҪöֶΣ
ʵĳ档ˣѧ򣬸У򶼿֮ãֻҪ
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ϵ˻رܵġǣҢ˴ǳ˺ܶ⡣
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һ֪ʶһҪи˵Ķ۸񣬼ж˼ɾ񣬸
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ʻ˵һҪйһҪٲʢô
ҵ񣬹ÿһӣ˸ˣ
мӡ֪ʶӣнȫ˸񣬡Լɶ
˸Ȼ᲻֪㣬״˵ʵҹϵĸΣ
һƶƣ䲻˹ҽԣ
԰Ѹ˵ҵɣ˸Ȼ۵
˵նУӦΪѾԽ˸˶Թġ

ɽ֮ɵˣȴһūǣΪɶ
ĴѧУҪ򡱡ȨʲôѧУ
ǸϴѡڽУʵ֣Ŀ
ΪڲԶˣʹ磬ҲܿΪһĻظӸܵġѧ
Ϊ߲Ķš

2006.10.25

(XYS20061025)

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Ҳ̸̸ٶȺ

С

ոհݶ̺귴ʩǿڷ£Ҳۡ

λ۵ǷٶȺͱ֮ĹϵʩΪ
Ҫ긵󾫡ֻһ췭1500-3000ң
ٶȷ룬ý꣬һרҵѧ޷Լġ
ˣӵĽǣ1ҪԼֻд죻2
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ԼԻú磬ȡѧѧԺҵMBA
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ʩ̸ġͨƪǡٶȡ⡣
Ĺ۵㣬ֻҪٶ㹻죨Լ죬ҳ˳Ժ
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ٶΪֻӣụ̈ʩǿҲࣩҡÿ
컨СʱԼЩ򡱣˼̺ꡰÿ칤15Сʱ
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ټӸճУţη绪ïӳⷽ٣һ24Сʱü
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һѧרҵһƪӢģܹͬƾ
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ͬΪ׼ÿרҵ鷭룬õԸ壬׼
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ΣԭġҲ̺֮ô
ߡһƪֲִڵġԭġתΪģôһƪ־
ҴǷҲܡ̡תΪģƲĲ˵
һͨĶߣһλѧƱҵһһ൱Ǯ
ѧרǷͬʱ䣿

̸̸⡣˻ûĶ̺κ֪
ЩƷͬͶĴ֮Ტۣ
Ʒ̺Ҳûչ˵⣬ΪǵǸʲôά˹ĵ
ƪͱӵҳ˲ƺǷ´ҵ1000
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ΣԼÿ칤15СʱҲãĳЩҡ
һ15ҲãٶȣӦ׷Ŀ
ꣻ򲻴ÿ˶֪ĵ

(XYS20061225)

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ԭ³ѸҪ㡱³Ѹ

֮
2006-10-24Զб

³Ѹ70յĵһġʽ
ԭȻʱͨϸڡֱͨµ
ͨؾͨԵɣر𡰲һ
ȫµ³ѸһҾӵġϸġìܵġαϡ
־ηͰƫ³Ѹһʱѧ

Ӧ˵³ѸһԱǹսһʿƽ
νȻǰⳡԭں̶ܴѾڻ
ڵǰеġ㡱֮ӣ˲²졣

ʵġɡҲãԭҲգ۵ԶԽʼ
ǰﲻĲݡ۵㡣ԡǹ۶Ȼ
ĹѸ70꣬ۡȻѡȴǸʵǡ
ʮգ۵ӵٶˣǰⳡԭ
Ȼ֮ܺӤͳɵȻȥչ
ͷѷԸܿƵġ

Ʃ磬һڡ϶ܿƳļרУȻİ
½ڣĺһѡ߶³ѸԸ롰
ĹϵдǧԣôϬ˾Ȼӹ
ӡҲ֪³ѸǷȷȻԴҵ
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ĻƵƳġԡķʽרԿ
о³ѸռΪʲôдǮ³ѸǲǴʦҡǷ
ǷӦöԵйȱʧΡЩȻȽһЩ
Ȼ̫Զ³ѸµŲУҪ֣ͨ
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׵ģ֪Ļɶ³ѸĴͽǰ
ɱڡֳ³Ѹͳѧһж³Ѹĸ
ܲ⣬Ϊ³Ѹ䰮Ůˣڱʦѧְʱѧ
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ԭ³Ѹ޷벻Ҫ㡱³Ѹ

(XYS20061025)

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ӹоʷϵλ

ǿ
ѧеѧԺ510640

ΪеӹһҪӹ൱ƾõʷڳڶԽ
ӹоĹУڶĿѧҺ͹ʦ˽ܳĹףĽ
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޲أˣHooke Robert 1635-1703

17ӢܳĿѧ֮һѧѧѧ෽
涼شɾ͡ƺͷĿѧڵʱױȵġ˱
ΪӢʼѧġ˫ۺ˫֡1679Hooke6Ҫһ
㼯һ𣬳һб۵lectiones culeriannae
ⱾٰHookeҪĿѧ֣һ
ӦӦȵĵԶһHookeֱ
⵽ŵĵһǶȼ۵ġ

׵ˡ˹塤̩(Frederick Winslow Taylor)

1898̩պͻطٸ֡ڡMetal Cuttingһд
ٸֵߵĳ˽ʵĸ˻еӹ
ʣҪȫıĽṹݹƣ꣬Ĺҵ
ʹ˼ֵǧԪĸٸֶ˰ʮԪĲֵ

1907꣬26г3м10ϵʵ
ݵĻϣ̩շ˾ġOn the Art of Cutting Metal
ĵöȹʽ һоٶȺ͵ö֮Ĺϵ
һʽԽԤ⵶öҪָ塣

1911̩꣬ճˡѧԭһ飬ˡ̩ʱơ
Ϊѧķֽÿֹҵʽʱ䣬ƶ׼
߽п˺ͼһо춨ִĿѧΪִ
֮

̩һ40ר Ի豸
ĥ豸ȣ̩ջһλ˶ΪԼ˳εģ
Ӯ1881ھ˫ھ

˺̩Ӧڿѧ빤ʦΪһڹʵ
зѧ⣬ֵоԱ͹ʦѧϰMetal 
Cutting PrinciplesߣۼM.C.Shawڵ
Engineering Problem Solving: A Classical  Perspective˹еĻ
ѧѧ͹ѧ⣬ֵһ

(XYS20061025)

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˹ĵĵȮ


2006-10-25й걨

    ʵŸָ˼ͻþһλĽѧΪ
ÿѧҪġ

    9 £¡˹Richard DawkinsһΪϵ۵
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ĶҲͬУйս

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һ˼һЩ˸еۺ;ȻⲿЩߵ⡣

    

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ΪͼĻɵλ֮һΪ񡣵ǰյ˹
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˹ջgeneףmemeһʡͨŴķʽһһ
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Ȼ󴫸ѧŮ󴫸˵˹

    ΪоĻݻṩһǳȤӽǡСٵ
Ļͳ׵Ĺ۵о񣬡ţӢǵ䡷Ѿ¼
ʡ

    ѧҵѧ

    ڡ˽Ļ򡷳֮󣬵˹׫дڽ۵ͼ飬ֱ
ǡı͡1982꣩͡äĿӱ1986꣩ǰҲǶ
˽Ļһ죬һԴʱ۲ݵ⣺
ϵ﾿εݻģ

    ˹һʹһ⡣äĿӱĿ
18ӢѧһӱΪɳ̲
һֱֻ˵ľɣȻγɣֱһһ
ߣҲӱ̫ͬɸˣҲӦһ
Ȼġӱߣ˹ⱾָûгȻġ
Ҳݻ˵ӱȻѡ
ֻȻġӱӱԤδһλ
ܸհԶäĿӱ

    Ϊ۱绤Ϊ˵˹һҪɲ֣Ҳɱ
ţѧıְ˹1990Ϊţѧĸ߼ʦ൱
ĸڣӰ졣Ӣѧһ֡ϡʱһ
λİ̡ʱ΢˾һŵܲ˹
Charles SimonyiȰѧţѧ150Ӣ
һµĽְλ˹Ϊ˵ְλĵһˡӴˣ
˹Ϊţѧ˹ϯѧڡ

    һǳرְλ˵˹԰ѸľͶ
뵽ѧռС˹Ҳȷʵġ1995꣬˹ˡ԰֮
ӡ̱һԶĻ֮ӡ1996꣬
ʵǲɽ塷ƵĽۡܡָ
νĲܣʵͨ𽥵Ľ̶ʵ֡

    ͬʱӢѧ˹裨Thomas HuxleyΪ
Ľ۱绤ԺơĵĶȮ˹ڵΪı
ҲһƵĳƺšĵΤȮһִ͵¹
Ȯ

    ѧ

    1976꡶˽Ļ򡷳֮󣬵˹ܵѧ飬һ
ЩͨҲ˹˲ǻġŻˡ
һЩ糿ô𴲵˹ġʺ硷1998
꣩һдһңԶҵһλʦд˵һλѧ
ҵ󣬺˵Ѿޱȿãλ
ʦֻȰѧҪñͬѧⱾ飬ʹͱ˼
Ӱ졣

    ࣨԼ壩ǻɸĿĵֶΣôǻ
кΪڵ˹ܽһäĿӱһֻɽ
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ԵĳԭΪӻɹƵĻᣬܹ ˽Ļ
򡱣հԶľЩߺܿûע⵽˹ڡ˽Ļ
һеһ仰ڵϣֻܹ˽ĸߵı

    ԴӴ֮󣬽۳ãľǹĴ
мʵʩǿʳν塱ۺʹû
ϵ˹ģҴķһۡ˹ֵ
йء˵Ϊһѧߣֽ֧ۣǶ
ᣬҲȻġѪݺצΪӵ˿Է
˽ĻĴԣӵС̵
̵Ĳܡ̵ĺʹĲܡհԶĲܣԼ
Ĳܡ

    ˹۲йءһЩΪѧģƻ
ʫ⣬úĿġ˹ΪѧҲʫ
Զʤǵһܹ粢˽ѧʾ
磬Ȿһˡ

    ΪԱ绤

    ڡʺ硷һУ˹һֱµѧ򣬶α
ѧŽ˷˹ŵıԹࣨһ
Ȼģʽɣ׷Ѱռ칦ܺ͡ࡱҽѧͨ
ٵģʽ

    ˹ߡǻɳȻĴڣ
Ϊϵ۴ڵĿԾͬһʽΧƻתĿԡû
ŻΧôһѲ˵˵ĴСΪ
˹۵ķͶڽ̵УΪĹС

    9£˹ˡϵ۵ĴÿѧԵ˼άʽȥ
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»⵱ȻΣڹȥļʮУѾ
һֱһЩطڽ̱ѾΣ
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    Դѧ˹ٷҡŶ£ǵ˹ѧĶ֣
ȥ֮󣬵˹Ϊ˿ѧߴԵ֮һһ
˹Ĺ۵Եر 

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