                           ˿µϣ20110617գ

11.06.16ûи
11.06.17, ӡΪʲôʳζ
11.06.17, ѧܷѧƷγ̡١
11.06.17, ΰǿѧ»ѧ̣ţѧ类ơ
11.06.17, Max˼ƻƸ⡷
11.06.17, еˡҿѡԺʿSCI¸߲Ŀ
11.06.17, ѡѧ---Ժ֮Ĳ½ס֮
11.06.17, ˮ˰װ⣿ɢϿ
11.06.17, ·аͽƭӣҽרҡ
11.06.17, ҪĸҪںţϿƴｨŶӺԱΪ˳ʱĺ
11.06.17, Ϊо(Research Assistant Professor)
11.06.17, °ʦʱԼѧ⣺ѧţû߻ʦûΣ
11.06.17, Ͻ桶ΪʲôѪҺܲBtף
11.06.17, δ⽻ѧ
11.06.17, йܿйҪת
11.06.17, ԱţǹܵĿ˭֪
11.06.17, һԺʿ ζ
11.06.17, ô U. of Alberta ҽѧԺԺ Philip Baker ݽ泭Ϯȴְ
11.06.17, ¹±ѧȡŷԱʿѧλ

˿(www.xys.org)(xys5.dxiong.com)(www.xinyusi.info)(xys2.dropin.org)

                Ϊʲôʳζ

                        ӡ

ܸܵʳζΪʳеĻѧӴ̼ζٸ
ЩҪͷϡɫԷֽԭɫĲͬϣ
ζҲԷֽɼֻζϡйΪʳֻ
ζν̣ζӳ¡ʵһζ
еش̼һ壬43϶ȵҲܴ̼壬
Ϊʲô˲ʹԵô졣岢
ζ٣Ǳ鲼ȫǻζٵĲλ
ǻƤȣҲ˾ڳζڸʹϲ
ʹš

̲ζζ϶жӦǵôֻ
ζϳеζδءΪʲôʻĢζ
رζϳɵģǶζ1908꣬ձ
ѧҳ緢ζһʡȰΣ
ʳмȰΣʳζúʡڵֻ
ζζζȰƣ֪ζϵȷ
ܸζ壨һֵʣȰӺϣ
ζĸо

Ȱɵʵ20ְ֮һֻҪʳкеʣͺй
ᡣǽڵеĹȰûζģֻеȰʱ
ܴ̼ϵζ塣ǳⲢʣֻаѼˡ
ȰˣζŸųȰʱ׵룬Ҳ͸
ζһΣζΪʱдĹ
ܺζϡ֭ͬ͡ʳ֮
ΪĹȰᡣ򵥵ʰ취ϹȰƣҲ
ζ

1913꣬ѧС̫ɴзһζʼᣬ
һֺᡣ1955ӽĸзᣬһ£û
κζĴɷᣬһζΪ˱Ƚϣ
˹Ȱƣζȼǿֳ˳ᣬڰͷ
ϵĹȰϴζüǿңǵƷȰʱ屶
һش֣еļᶼζֻ
ṹļᣨΪ5'-ᣩζ5'-᱾ζ
ܼǿȰƵζ

1960꣬㹽зһֺᡪ5'-к5'-
ƵáڹȰ5'-5'-ᣬܴ
߹ȰƵζ֪ΪЩνζùȰ
ӺζĽϸΪܣ˼ǿζٶԹȰζĸܡ
ĳЩرʳʵϾͲ֪ϡ缦кзḻ
ĹȰᣬĢкзḻ5'-ᣬСĢζǺüˡ
ȻҲģ⿹̣ζ5'-5'-ᣬ
νǿζͨζٵö࣬ȴΪ

ζķֺζķıǵϰߣرʳ
ϲζȴ֡ζǡ19684£
ڡӢҽѧ־˵ڳ˷ζвͺһʱڻе
ľɴǶζǷкĹעһ˵
Свۺ1986꣬ʳƷҩƷַı϶ζһ㹫
ڲΣգǶĳЩ˿ܻжʱķӦ1987꣬Ϲũ֯
֯ɵίԱὫζΪȫʳƷɷ֡1991꣬ŷ
ͬʳѧίԱҲζΪȫʳɷ֣ƿɽܵ


ʱգйζк˵Ȼй˵йΪһ
˵ǣζ޺ģʹòȵ120϶ȣȰ
ƻˮɽȰƣһ°ʡʵһҥԡȰ
°Ҳû֤ݱкֻûζˡһ˵
ζԶ˻ѷͬû֤ݵҥԡ

˵ζԽкҳ˻ƳζƷһ
ӼȡȻζƷԸʵĳɷֳʳΣ
40%Ҫζ35%ͳζᣨ1.1%ʣµĻ
ǡۡϡζ㾫ȡڼеĺǳ٣е
ۣȫ˹ϳɵļζ㾫ȡ

ζõۡǵԭϷģɷֹȰʳձ
ģʵǡȻĵζƷ񼦾˹ϳɵĳɷ֡Ŀǰ֤
ζһ˵ĽΣζкĻôζΪҪɷ
ļҲкġڼһָϵζɷֱζӣ
ɷ֣ԽķշһЩ

2011.6.13.

й걨2011.6.15

(XYS20110617)

˿(www.xys.org)(xys5.dxiong.com)(www.xinyusi.info)(xys2.dropin.org)

ѧܷѧƷγ̡

ߣ

2010624գϺнίˡ2010ϺУмƷγ
´ｨ辭ѵ֪ͨ (ί2010-44)ѧľƷγ
8ܷѧȻλСɣѧԺܷѧĳЩ
ʦ۽ѧͿһֱƽƽλҪΪܷѧѧƸ˶ï
ƽϵʷרҵĳЩԭԼӲڡܷ
ѧѧԺԺΰܽϵ˼νѧרҵڲŲ
ѧרҵˮ׼ȱݡУмƷγ̱׼֮ƺ
඼ϴ󡣺ϢƶȣƷγ̵һвϰ
ƵдѰ٣ٵʽƭȡǮαն
¶¡

ٺٵ֤ڡ2010ȡϺоƷγ̡걨ܷ
ѧ¼ơƷ걨͡2009нίصγĿ걨
ѧ¼ơص걨GOOGLEԵõϡ
ѧƷγ̣ܷѧ 

һ.αŶԱزϡѧԱĹǾƷγһ
ؼأҪ󣬾Ʒγ̽ҪƵĿγŶӣԷѧԺ
ѧƵ״Ͳ߱ʴˣչһϵдĿַ
ӵ١Ʒ걨һλԺڵԱĳĳ鹹ʦα
СʦְơΪԲ˵αĳĳܷۡ
ܷ͡ѧĲϣڸѧԺκָѧ
ģðΪѧƵĽܷѧƷγκϵ
ѧߣĳĳ鹹Ϊ2007Ϻѧѧ
Ŀйɫ巨ϵоĲμˣ˲ĿΪ07XAB002
ͬ⣬ĿμĳĳԼ2007긴ѧɹһ
ȽĻ(ʵǣýΪ˼影ԼԱݲĿ
һλ)鹹ʦԱڡƷ걨Сѧ
1Աɣ2ѧṹ4ʦԼ
ġѧʮദνĿġ

.鱨ϺݡΪܷѧƴͷ˵Ķïڽޱơ
ѧμ¼Ʒ걨ȴΪϺоƷγ̡ܷѧλ
ʦСָƱҵġһУαָѧĵĿ
0709ʵָΪ2ƪ1ƪƷ걨ʱ鱨Ϊ3ƪ
ͬʱδġȽܷѧ̲ʵʵĽѧɹΰ
һͬ鱨˽5걾ҵָ07ʵָ
ѧΪ2ƪѧΪ03270560327612Ϊ3ƪΪֹܱ
ƽĸԺЩʮ׵õģңһƪ֮걨
ҪΪʲôҪϱԺ¶⣬ò
˵ǣٳԣ

.ٳԡνġٳԡָһճеϷ
ЦҲżȻı©ָһϵҪΪʥ
ҵвʵ֮֡ҪмƷγĻã
нίصγĿ2009ܷѧ걨Ŀ걨ص걨
Уѳֶദ١磺1γнѧλڣλ
ڣһλʦĳĳʦɡ2ѧԱ
CSSCIڿѧ22ƪר83ĳĳʦֵ
γΪصγ̵Ľṩ˷ǳõǰڻۡ4
ΰܽģⷨͥΪγ̽ѧ˷ǳõĽѧʩ
5رǣλÿ궼Ҫֵογѧѧ
λӸѧǰСȵȡǰ1--4Ϊ鱨йѧɹˮ
أԺ˲飻ĳĳδֹΣνģⷨͥڡ
ѧγ̽ѧڸѧԺδšڵڣ5ڴ걨м
Ʒʱδλγ̵ĳŵνѧҪﵽѧǰ
С֮˵ֻҪһ½񴦽ѧѧ¼һԶï
ƽΪ08꣺4.03֣ѧԺڰλ09꣺4.32֣ѧԺ
λ

.ˡܷѧƷγ٣ΪѧԺܷѧѧƵ
˶ïѴṩ˱ѧƵݲ鱨临
ѧ20092010λƸκͬȿУܷѧΪ2009
нίصγ̡͡2010ϺоƷγ̡õδӦеѧ
ƸΣҲΪѧУѧλίԱԱز
УڶïѡΪУѧλίԱԱԲϷ飩һ
ΰܣٵʼٸߡͬʱΪֹܽѧͿе
ԺΪҼѧĿ걨٣һֱȱЧļ
ʹٳԣΪݵְͬ־ӳΰܶ
ڡ߼ְ񣨽ڣ걨٣ҵڽ㽭ʦ˼ν
רҵȴдΪרҵ鱨˳ޡѧľ´
ɺ˲飩

Ҫ˵ǣƷ걨漰ʦӦǡƷģṩ
ĲʵǡһԵɵǣѧԺԺѧԺƽίԱ
ΪܷѧΪϺоƷγˡƼۡ
ٵı1γŶӵλʦ롱2ÿγ̡޶
ѧģӴÿѧѡ1500ˡƷ걨ἰġγŶӡ
ԱĳĳԺǳǽʦƣޡʦ
ְơڿԸͨ㣬1500޶ܷѧΣҪ
Լ20࣬ÿѧΪ޶10ĻܷѧѧŶӣʹ
ԺмϡܷѧΣҲʤΡΪô
Ӧǵ˼ðԺΪ

ʵǡǵ͹ҿչĻ룬Ҳ
ĵ±׼ʵΪݣԷΪ׼ǷɹߵΪغ
ԭܷǹҵĸ󷨣ɷĻһΪ׼
ܷѧĽߣŪ١Ӫ˽ְȨıȡ
˽٣ϺоѲѧԺֱӾû15
ԪԴҵΪʦԿ̸͡Ρ
һУƣУ˵һУ ôѧ
ĿԴ

(XYS20110617)

˿(www.xys.org)(xys5.dxiong.com)(www.xinyusi.info)(xys2.dropin.org)

ѧ»ѧ̣ţѧ类

ߣΰǿ
㶫ѧԺ 

ѧ˰ҵѧΪ֮ƵƵٹĸУѧΪѾ
͹ڵĸ߶Ӻ͹ע̨ˡദߵѧУѧ
Ϊ֪ͨơ20093ģ˽ѧ罨ЭС飨
[2009]3ţϷձ2010120գA07棩Ա⡰3
Ȩ־Ȼ͡Ҷ̷йѧšı
̸ع¼ȵȡǲʣйĸߵ
ѧоôˣ

ĿǰǣͷһоҹߵԺУѧΪ
ԭۺоȫΧڶйذʾ顣İ
йع㶫ѧԺӺڣԺܿСѧƽ蹤֮ѧ
Ϊĵ顣

һ¼ط

2003Ӻڡʿɹ걨һƻйǵʷۣA 
SYNOPTIC HISTORY OF CHINESE LEXICOGRAPHYӢ˫棩Ŀ׼ĺ
03BYY040ӺμԱƽɽJ.H. Prynne

2005123գȫѧѧ滮칫Ұ䷢Ľ֤飺Ŀ
𣺹ѧһĿ׼ţ03BYY040Ŀƣйǵʷ
ۣA SYNOPTIC HISTORY OF CHINESE LEXICOGRAPHYĿˣӺ
ҪμˣƽJ.H.PrynneԾɽƻлܾ
֤ţ20050548ȼ㡣

200611£лֳˡйǵʷۡߣӺԾ
 ISBN7-101-05341-6/H?282ӡ2000ᡣעǹѧ
ѧ㡱ĿɹĿ׼ţ03BYY040

С֣ۡP22ҪӺԾ
ɣӺۡһƪȫƪڶƪĵһڶ͵ڰ¡
ƪĵ¡ƪĵ¡ƪĵԼȫУġͳ塢
ɫͶ幤Ծ˵ڶƪĵġ塢͵¡
ƪĵһڶ͵¡ƪĵһڶ
͵£˵ƪĵһڶġ͵
¡

20088£ţѧ磬ӺHEMING YONGJING 
PENGӢİChinese Lexicography: A History from 1046 BC 
to AD 1911Oxford University Press2008,ISBN 978-0-19-953982-6
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSĲݣOur thanks also due toLuo 
Zhenyue and Xue Xue, who helped us with the index of Chinese names. 
˼ͬʱԾѦѩл⡣ǰ
֡

ĺӢİѧ

ӺУ1963㶫ѧԺίίԱίԺMBA
ΣڡʿĴѧѧרҵܿкѧƽ衢
㶫ѧԺӢѧѧƴͷˡ˶ʿʦݴѧʿ
ʦߵѧУѧָίԱӢרҵѧָίԱίԱ
2007꣩ѡ2008ȡ˲ּ֧ƻ2009귢ģ

  Ů1978㶫ѧԺѧԺʦ˶ʿ2005ҵ
Ӣĳѧ˶ʿӺĵڶӡӺԭȻڹ㶫ѧ
Ժ

ԾУ1958㶫ѧԺ봫ѧԺڣѧ˶ʿ
ɽѧѧרҵѧ1991ҵѧΪ

У1974㶫ѧԺѧԺʦӦѧ˶ʿ2004
ҵ㶫óѧ

鷽ͽ

оÿĶİӢİһԱȵķ
ͬʱҲ1λӢоĽ/ʿӦҪݲ
ͬȫԱĶۺַĶԱȽ

İ桶йǵʷۡͳƵڶԾɵ½ںʵҳ
£

1ϿԾ׫д15£ռȫ22µ68.2%

2ҳϿԾ˵ڶƪĵ£P124-135
P136-148£P149-161P162-175͵£P176-190
68ҳƪĵһ£P209-222ڶ£P223-242
P243-255壨P276-285º͵£P286-30072ҳƪ
ĵһ£P303-317ڶ£P318-332£P333-348
P368-389º͵£P390-40181ҳۼƹ221ҳİ
ȫ鹲629ҳ༴Ծȫҳ35.1%

Ӣİ桶Chinese Lexicography: A History from 1046 BC to AD 1911
ȶԡͳƣ£

1Ӣİȫ25£еڶƪĵ45678£ƪȫƪ
ĵ1011121314£ƪȫƪĵ1516171819£ۼ
15¼ռȫ60%İ桶йǵʷۡԾɵ15ݴһ
һӦϵ

2Ӣİȫ458ҳе48£ϼ91ҳ1014£
ϼ100ҳ1519£ϼ105ҳϼ296ҳռȫ65%
Ĳ֣402ҳӢİеAppendix <P403-421>
Appendix <P422-444>Appendix <P445-446>Bibliography <P446-451>
Websites<P452> Index of Chinese names <P453-458>ֱԾĳɹ
ߴ74%

ġӢİİϸԱȽ

Ӣİ棺Chinese Lexicography: A History from 1046 BC to AD 
1911ߣӺ

İ棺йǵʷۡߣӺԾ

ԱĶӢĿȻĿӵڶƪƪӢ
ĿǴİֱ½˳б仯ûб䡣ϴһһ
Ӧϵ磬Ӣİĵڶֵĵ3¡

ӢİĿ

4  Historian Zhou's Primer - the source of lexicographical culture 
in China
4.1 The historical background to HZPS birth
4.2 The background and motivation for HZPS compilation
4.3 The format and style of HZP
4.4 The cultural and academic implications of HZP

Ӧİ棺

 йǵĻԴʷƪԭԾ
һڡʷƪı
ڶڡʷƪı뱳
ڡʷƪ׷
ĽڡʷƪļֵӰ

CHINESE LEXICOGRAPHYA HISTORY FROM 1046 BC to AD 1911
йǵ䣺ӹԪǰ1046Ԫ1911ʷ

HEMING YONG Ӻ
JING PENG       

OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS2008ţѧ磬2008꣩
ISBN 978-0-19-953982-6

C O N T E N T SĿ¼

PART INTRODUCTION
1  Introduction
ǰԣ
PART II THE GENESIS AND EMERGENCE OF LEXICOGRAPHICAL
CULTURE AND WORKS IN ANCIENT CHINA
(from the Zhou Dynasty,1046 BC--256 BC
to the Han Dynasty,206 BC--AD 220)
ڶƪ йǵѿ뿪

2  The emergence of lexicographical culture in China
2.1 The origin of Chinese characters and their formation
2.2 Ancient Chinese literature and exegetic interpretation of 
characters
2.3 Theories on the origin of lexicography
Ӧİ棺
һ йǵĻȷ
һ ֵԴ빹
ڶ ׵Ĳִѵ
 йǵԴ˵
3  The progress of exegetic practice and the advent of 
lexicographical works in China
3.1 Language studies during the Pre-Qin Dynasties
3.2 Teaching and explaining ancient characters and the emergence 
of lexicography 
3.3 Literature in ancient times
3.4 The beginnings of Chinese lexicography
Ӧİ棺
ڶ ִѵ͵ݽйǵĿ
һ ʱڵо
ڶ Ŵִѵйǵѿ
 Ŵйǵĳ
Ľ йǵĿ
4  Historian Zhou's Primer - the source of lexicographical culture 
in China
4.1 The historical background to HZPS birth
4.2 The background and motivation for HZPS compilation
4.3 The format and style of HZP
4.4 The cultural and academic implications of HZP
Ӧİ棺
 йǵĻԴʷƪԭԾ
һڡʷƪı
ڶڡʷƪı뱳
ڡʷƪ׷
ĽڡʷƪļֵӰ
5  The Ready Guide - the initiator of thesaurus dictionaries in 
China
5.1 The historical background to RGS birth
5.2 The background and motivation for RGS compilation
5.3 The format and style of RG
5.4 The cultural and academic implications of RG
Ӧİ棺
 йʵĿšԭԾ
һڡšı
ڶڡšı뱳
ڡšı
ĽڡšļֵӰ
6  The Dictionary of Dialectal Words- the beginnings of dialect 
dictionaries in China
6.1 The historical background to DDW's birth
6.2 The background and motivation for DDW's compilation
6.3 The format and style of DDW
6.4 The academic value and cultural influence of DDW
Ӧİ棺
йԴʵĿԡԭԾ
һڡԡı
ڶڡԡı뱳
ڡԡ
ĽڡԡļֵӰ
7  An Explanatory Dictionary of Chinese Characters - the origin of 
character dictionaries in China
7.1 The historical background to EDCC's birth
7.2 The background and motivation for EDCC's compilation
7.3 The format and style of EDCC
7.4 The academic value and cultural influence of EDCC
Ӧİ棺
  йֵĿ˵Ľ֡ԭԾ
һڡ˵Ľ֡ı
ڶڡ˵Ľ֡ı뱳
ڡ˵Ľ֡
Ľڡ˵Ľ֡ļֵӰ
8  The Dictionary of Chinese Characters and Terms - the inception 
of etymological dictionaries in China
8.1 The historical background to DCCT's birth
8.2 The background and motivation for DCCT's compilation
8.3 The format and style of DCCT
8.4 The academic value and cultural influence of DCCT
Ӧİ棺
  йԴʵĿԭԾ
һڡı
ڶڡı뱳
ڡ
ĽڡļֵӰ
9  Theoretical inquiries into lexicographical issues in ancient 
China: a survey
9.1 The origin of lexicography
9.2 The advent of lexicography
9.3 The formation of macro-level styles for dictionary making
9.4 The formation of micro-level format for dictionary making
Ӧİ棺
ڰ ѿ뿪ڵйǵ
һ йŴǵѧԴͷ
ڶ йŴǵ˼
 йŴǵĲ
Ľ йŴǵ΢Ĳ

PART III  THE EXPLORATION AND CULTIVATION OF LEXICOGRAPHY IN CHINA
(from the Wei Dynasty, 220-265 to the Yuan Dynasty, x206-1368)
ƪ  йǵ̽뽨(κԪ)

10  An overview of Chinese lexicographical culture during the 
period of exploration and cultivation
10.1 The historical background
10.2 The academic background
10.3 An overall view between the Wei and Yuan Dynasties
Ӧİ棺
һ  ̽뽨ڵйǵĻ͸ԭԾ
һ ̽뽨ڵı
ڶ ̽뽨ڵѧ
 ̽뽨ڵйǵſ
11 The development of Chinese character dictionaries
11.1 The historical background
11.2 The evolution of lexicographical theories
11.3 The development of format and style
11.4 A brief introduction to some representative character 
dictionaries
11.5 The academic value and cultural implications
Ӧİ棺
ڶйֵķչԭԾ
һ йֵ䷢չı
ڶ йֵ۵ܱ
 йֵķչ
Ľ йֵ
 йֵѧֵӰ
12 The development of Chinese word dictionaries
12.1 The historical background
12.2 The evolution of lexicographical theories
12.3 The development of format and style
12.4 A brief introduction to some representative word dictionaries
12.5 The academic value and influence
Ӧİ棺
  йʵķչԭԾ
һ йʵ䷢չı
ڶ йʵ۵ܱ
 йʵķչ
Ľ йʵ
 йʵѧֵӰ
13 Classified dictionaries - the encyclopedic dictionary in 
ancient China
13.1 The historical background to the birth of classified 
dictionaries
13.2 The emergence of classified dictionaries
13.3 A brief analysis of some important classified dictionaries
13.4 The social and academic influence
Ӧİ棺
  йŴٿƴǵרŴǵԴԭԾ
һ йŴı
ڶ йŴרƴǵȷ뿪
 йҪרƴǵ
Ľ йרƴǵѧӰ
14 Rhyme dictionaries - a special dictionary type in ancient China
14.1 The historical background to the birth of rhyme dictionaries
14.2 The burgeoning growth of rhyme dictionaries
14.3 A brief analysis of some important rhyme dictionaries
14-4 The social and academic influence of rhyme dictionaries
Ӧİ棺
  йŴרǵ  飨ԭԾ
һ йı
ڶ йȷ뿪
 йҪ
Ľ йѧӰ

PART IV  THE REFORM AND SHAPING OF LEXICOGRAPHY IN CHINA
(from the Ming Dynasty, 1368-1644
to the Qing Dynasty, 1616-1911)
ƪ  йǵظ(峯)

15 An insight into lexicographical culture in the Ming and Qing 
Dynasties
15.1 The historical background to the reform and shaping of 
Chinese lexicography
15.2 The academic background to the reform and shaping of Chinese 
lexicography
15.3 A survey of dictionaries in the Ming and Qing Dynasties
15.4 The characteristics of dictionary making in the Ming and Qing 
Dynasties
Ӧİ棺
һ  йʱڴǵĻ͸ԭԾ
һ ظڵı
ڶ ظڵѧ
 ʱڵйǵſ
Ľ ʱڴǵص
16 The formation of Chinese character dictionaries
16.1 The social and cultural background in the Ming and Qing 
Dynasties
16.2 The development of character dictionary compilation in the 
Ming and Qing Dynasties
16.3 The development of format and style in the Ming and Qing 
Dynasties
16.4 A brief introduction to the masterpieces of character 
dictionaries
16.5 The academic value and influence of character dictionaries of 
the Ming and Qing Dynasties

Ӧİ棺
ڶ  йֵĳΣԭԾ
һ 庺ֵεı
ڶ 庺ֵ۵ܱ
 庺ֵķչ
Ľ 庺ֵ
 庺ֵѧֵӰ
17 The formation of Chinese word dictionaries
17.1 The historical background
17.2 The evolution of lexicographical theories in the Ming and 
Qing Dynasties
17.3 The development of format and style in the Ming and Qing 
Dynasties
17.4 A brief introduction to the masterpieces of word dictionaries 
in the Ming and Qing Dynasties
17.5 The academic value and influence of word dictionaries in the 
Ming and Qing Dynasties
Ӧİ棺
  йʵĳΣԭԾ
һ 庺ʵεı
ڶ 庺ʵ۵ܱ
 庺ʵķչ
Ľ 庺ʵ
 庺ʵѧֵӰ

18 The evolution and reformation of special and encyclopedic 
dictionaries in China
18.1 The historical background in the Ming and Qing Dynasties
18.2 Lexicographical paradigm in the Ming and Qing Dynasties
18.3 The analysis of format and style in the Ming and Qing 
Dynasties
18.4 A short analysis of some representative dictionaries in the 
Ming and Qing Dynasties
18.5 The academic value and influence of special and encyclopedic 
dictionaries in the Ming and Qing Dynasties
Ӧİ棺
  йŴרŴǵظԭԾ
һ רƴǵظı
ڶ רŴǵ
 רŴǵ
Ľ רŴǵ
 רŴǵѧֵӰ
19 The evolution and formation of rhyme dictionaries in the Ming 
and Qing Dynasties
19.1 The historical background in the Ming and Qing Dynasties
19.2 The development of lexicographical theories in the Ming and 
Qing Dynasties
19.3 The evolution of format and style in the Ming Qing Dynasties
19.4 The representative dictionaries in the Ming and Qing 
Dynasties and their academic influence
Ӧİ棺
  йظΣԭԾ
һ ظı
ڶ ۵ܱ
 ظ
Ľ ѧֵ

PART  CHINESE BILINGUAL LEXICOGRAPHY: A BRIEF OVERVIEW
(from the Tang Dynasty, 618-907 to the Qing Dynasty, 1616-1911)
ƪ й˫ǵ
ƣ618-907壨1616-1911
20 The origin and emergence of Chinese bilingual lexicography
ƪ  й˫ǵѿ뿪
20.1 Buddhist preaching and the advent of bilingual lexicography
ƪ   ڽ̴˫ǵ
20.2 Buddhist sutras and the compilation of dictionaries of sounds 
and meanings 
ǵı༭
20.3 Dictionaries of sounds and meanings and the dawn of bilingual 
dictionaries
ǵ˫ǵ
21 The archetype and evolution of Chinese bilingual dictionaries
й˫ǵԭͼݽ
21.1 Buddhist culture and the emergence of bilingual glossaries 
Ļ˫ʻĳ
21.2 Chinese socio-cultural life and the evolution of bilingual 
dictionaries
йĻ˫ǵݽ
21.3 The writing of history books and bilingual glossary 
compilation  
ʷ˫ʻı
22 Ethnic minority languages and their bilingual dictionaries
Լ˫ǵ
22.1 Western Xia culture and Tangut bilingual dictionaries
Ļƹ˫ǵ
22.2 Mongolian culture and Mongolian bilingual dictionaries
ɹĻɹ˫ǵ
22.3 Turkish culture and Turkish bilingual dictionaries
ͻĻͻ˫ǵ
22.4 Tibetan culture and Tibetan bilingual dictionaries
Ļ˫ǵ
22.5 History studies and bilingual dictionaries for history books 
from the West and Chinese
ʷоʷ˫ǵ
23 Religious preaching from the West and Chinese bilingual 
dictionary compilationⲿݶӦİƪڽ̴
˫ǵ롣˽±˽ڱ⣩
ڽ̴й˫ǵ
23.1 Matteo Ricci's contributions to Chinese bilingual 
lexicography
й˫ǵĹ
23.2 Robert Morrison and the first Chinese-English dictionary
޲?ĪѷйһӢʵ
23.3 Dialect studies and Chinese bilingual dialect dictionaries
ѧϰ뺺﷽˫ǵ
23.4 The end of missionary compilation of Chinese bilingual 
dictionaries
̻ǵй˫ǵ
24 Chinese government establishments and Chinese bilingual 
dictionary compilation
йٰ»й˫ǵ루˲ֶӦİƪڶ
ٰ»˫ǵ롣˽ݷ˽ڱ⣩
24.1 Government establishments and bilingual glossary compilation
ٰ»˫ʻ
24.2 Chinese-foreign language dictionaries and their three 
versions
-˫ǵ估ְ汾
24.3 The spread of Western learning and the compilation of 
specialized bilingual dictionaries
ѧ˫רƴǵ
24.4 The compilation of Manchurian-Chinese bilingual and 
multilingual dictionaries in the Qing Dynasty
峯˫ǵ뼰ִǵ
25 The characteristics and influence of early Chinese bilingual 
dictionaries
й˫ǵӰ
25.1 Early bilingual dictionaries and their characteristics
˫ǵ估
25.2 The socio-cultural influence of early bilingual dictionaries
˫ǵĻӰ
Ӧİ棺ƪµ й˫ǵѧӰ
ƣ
Appendix I List of book titles from English to Chinese with 
English titles arranged in alphabetical order
Appendix 11 List of book titles from Chinese to English with 
Chinese titles arranged in Pinyin order
Appendix III йԪ/ The chronology of Chinese history
Bibliography
Websites
Index of Chinese names

塢֤

20051028գӺʱѧѧ滮칫ҵĽ飬
ĿƣйǵʷۣA SYNOPTIC HISTORY OF CHINESE LEXICOGRAPHY
׼ţ03BYY040֤ţ20050548׼ʱ䣺20051231ա
ĿˣӺ

顷Сǰԡ1ҳ11УǺӢ˫桱

顷Сǰԡ3ҳ10УӢɺ
ƪ±˸߶˵ĶȤж
ѡͱд֮⣬뺺ʲͬ

ӺʹøΪѧɹڹϣţѧҳĴ
ѧҳȣȡ磺

Macquarie University
Alumni Relationa
ϢԴ

http://www.alumni.mq.edu.au/Alumni/InformationAbout/AwardsAndScholarsh
ips/awards/distinguished-service-international-achievement.html
International Achievement Alumni Award for Distinguished Service
˼ʳɾУѽ֮׿Խ񽱣
The Alumni Awards for Distinguished Service, presented under three 
categories, recognise and honour the outstanding achievements of 
Macquarie University alumni in Australia and throughout the world. The 
awards highlight the diversity and quality of the contributions our 
alumni have made within their chosen fields and within the community. 
˼׿ԽУѽİ䷢ܳɾڰĴ
ѧ緶ΧڵõϿɺͱáЩУڸо
ͷΧ׵ԡ
Recipients
Professor Chris Chandra Kant Patel
Dr Louise Marie Ryan
Mr. Russell John Waugh
Professor Yong HemingӺڣ
Since graduating with a PhD in Linguistics in 2001, Yong Heming 
has dedicated himself to lexicographical studies: the writing and 
editing of dictionaries. He has won considerable attention from 
Chinese and international lexicographers for his original thinking, 
innovative insights and theorisation in bilingual and historical 
lexicography. He is widely recognised as the leading Chinese scholar 
in lexicography. 
˼2001ѧʿѧλӺһֱڴ
д׫ǵ䡣ԭ˼άµļ⣬˫ʵ뼰
ʷǵϵ۴й͹ʴʵܵ൱ӡǹ
ϵйʵеѧߡ
Heming's 2008 work, "Chinese Lexicography - A History from 1046 BC 
to AD 1911", published by Oxford University Press, is a landmark work 
on a little known aspect of Chinese cultural history and the first 
book of its type published in English. It has initiated new lines of 
discussion for students of Chinese studies and Western sinology. 
˼2008йǵѧʷԪǰ1046Ԫ
1911ꡱţѧ棬ǹйעлĻʷĵһӢ
̱ʽ塣Ϊоѧоѧǿ
о򡣣
Heming joined the Guangdong University of Business Studies in 1994. 
In 1996 he was appointed Deputy Dean and in 1999 became Dean of the 
Foreign Language School. He was subsequently appointed Vice President 
of the University for his accomplishments in academic research, 
educational administration and international cooperation and exchanges. 
˼1994㶫ѧԺ1996걻ΪѧԺԺ
1999Ժѧоѧʽȷ
ͻֶΪôѧУ



ͬһƻĿĳɹĿġ顷
Сǰԡ3ҳ10УӢɺƪ±
˸߶˵ĶȤжѡͱд֮⣬
뺺ʲͬ

İӺԾעĿǹƻ
Ŀĳɹ

ӢİӺڶӣûбעǹ
Ŀĳɹ

1л񹲺͹ȨʮϺ
ƷȨɺ߹ͬСûвμӴˣܳΪߡ
ƷԷָʹõģ߶ԸԴĲֿԵȨʹ
ȨʱַƷȨĿֻİԸλߵ
Ȩ˷ָϵڶߵѧףӢİȴĿ
ΪͬΪʲô

2ĿӺӢİڶǷ޹ϵĿ
ĿҪˡѵӢİڶѧҪ
İĵڶԾѧҪ

3ԾǴ¹ѧоѧġİӢİ
ϴڴһһӦϵ74%˭İڶԾѧ
ɹӢģӢİ϶Ӻ򸾷ġ
ѵ׵ʫӢģ߾ͳΪס

4ԾӢİбָɡIndex of Chinese namesЩ
ݣĿӺΪʲôҪ˿İڶԾѧ
ף

52009622տԾз̸óӢİ
ʱԾ֪ӢİѾ20088ţѧ淢СԾ
ѧУίӳδȨİ沢δжԳɹСָ
ԾҪĿ˲İʱԳɹʵȨ
ָ֡Ȼ⸺ӢİȴȨ
Ƿ޶ΪʲôҪ

2011615

(XYS20110617)

˿(www.xys.org)(xys5.dxiong.com)(www.xinyusi.info)(xys2.dropin.org)

˼ƻƸ

ߣMax

,

. Ϊίרμ˼пԺ"˼ƻ"Ƹ. ǳ
ΥĵĻ˼Ȧ.

ʵ, пԺ"˼ƻ"Ƹĺܶǲʿҵֻ3-4,ڹֻ
һʿ˲. ûκָʿľ, ӲʿһԾΪпԺ
оԱ()Ͳ, ҲǹһЩѧҶйĽƲһԭ. 

˼,ΪѧԺһλԱ, ûҷЩ. 
֪֪νӳѧԺйܲ?

ллһֱиŬ.

(XYS20110617)

˿(www.xys.org)(xys5.dxiong.com)(www.xinyusi.info)(xys2.dropin.org)

ҿѡԺʿSCI¸߲Ŀ

ߣе

ԺѡԺʿһЩ˵ѧ²ԼɵģĳЩѧ
ӵġʲôʱѧоǰSCIǿ
ѧɹҪ׼Щ˾ڶͻSCI£Щʲô
Ȩƺ;ŵоѡӦڵֶΣڱɵĳ
ԼֲøSCI֣Ա˵ĳɹʲôأй
ĿָЩ˻ϣĻԺʿѡҲգ

(XYS20110617)

˿(www.xys.org)(xys5.dxiong.com)(www.xinyusi.info)(xys2.dropin.org)

ѧ---Ժ֮Ĳ½ס֮

ߣ

𾴵ķ

վ2011 6 2 ԡԺ֮Ĳ½סΪⷢ˹ݴѧ
ѧλԺ֮ġ潻¡ԭУᵽ˸ڹվ
ݴѧѧпܻɾַгйݣȤй
Ķץʱء

http://www.xys.org/xys/ebooks/others/science/dajia12/wangrui.txt

ĸշʱ,ѧվгȻȫְڡǼЩԭ
õվʱ,ȴѧѾĵؽȫְڸΪʽڡ
ݴѧվݵûκθĶ˿ѧ¼˼صλ
˿վ¼縡, ۵Ĵѧľٶƺе͵͵

ѧڡԺ֮Ĳ½סһķʱڸĶվ, ˻
Ǵ˵,˵ѧȻˡǲòѧǷ
ڸƸڹڵȫְԺΪѧȫְڵʵһǶ
, ѧƺߴҸУԺȡȨĴ۲,õ˰˵Ǯ
ûƸȫְڵнôߡ

һ
Ժ֮Ĳ½סշʱ,ѧվ: Ȼȫְ


Ժ֮Ĳ½סշ,ѧĶվ: ݱ˷ʽ

(XYS20110617)

˿(www.xys.org)(xys5.dxiong.com)(www.xinyusi.info)(xys2.dropin.org)

˰װ⣿ɢϿ

ߣˮ

ɢ˶Ͽۡҿֻ֮
һǾǷ֡˰װ⡱ɢ˵ĺܶȷʵдúܲ
һֱҷǳϲ֮һϿһЩۣо
еΪ˵ˣװë

ʵҲǿġΪҪʱʱʾԼ
ŻڣԼ֪ʶԨжϵĸǣһ˵Ͼ޵ģ
оͨˣ˶е㡰ʢ֮£ʵ
ΡΪڸΣеѡƴΡҲеľѡ
˺װ⡣

磬ɢ΢ϿϿƪо˵
֪ϸ֪ԤһһӦ顱
λҲɢһˡҶ϶϶ûп
˵ϸˡΪһĹ۵㶼Ͽɺɳ
ٻˮֽ죬δĹָɺԣɢ
˵߶ɺӹˡ֪Ԥһһ飬Ҫ
̻ڵĻһװ⡣

װԭģϿϿƪ 
(2011-05-26 ) 
ɣ
Դһ΢ŴȥĶȼݶȼ٣˳ȥ
ҹ绰˵߶ɺӹˣ֮ͬеҲ˵ˮ١
תһӡһʵϿ
http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_48d24c5601000am8.html ͰѸд
һ΢ȥŴѣ绰˵Ѿɺӹˣ
˶˵Ͽˮֵģûʱ
꽻֪ϸ֪ԤһһӦ
顣˵һҽԤ׼з̣ûɲϡ
䷢һͼƬһűĻܽͼʾϿڹ
˵еıǨ΢ӣ
http://t.sina.com.cn/1477045392/eAE0Tjyxn92#a_comment
Ͽ꣬رԺϿһȫĿڷ磬
вӰ죬Ӧƴô߼Ĳ湫˵⡣

(XYS20110617)

˿(www.xys.org)(xys5.dxiong.com)(www.xinyusi.info)(xys2.dropin.org)

аͽƭӣҽר

ߣ·

ҺųơҽǰЭ᳤ĵ֮һ
ͽܡĿײҽݵϯרңѧ
йͳѧҪɾһ¯ҽרҡ

һԾ硣ǰЩ˿վ¶ҡ
ӣ
http://cdn.xinyusi.info/xys/ebooks/others/science/dajia12/zhongyi3000.
txt

ӦҾͲдһƪ¶שϣ
¶ҡ

˲ͣ

http://blog.sina.com.cn/wuguozhongyishi

http://blog.sina.com.cn/wuguozhongdaifu

ҲġҽҪƷӣ
http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_516b15590100kyyc.html

ƪУҽĸ׵β漰ѪѪƷ
ģιޣλޣαѧƷ

һβģ

ҼһֻСԣŮϲһʱȻң
ְ֣ͬѧҽ棬ҽ԰ΰٲ𣿡

Һԥ˵ҽ˵ܰΰٲ

ôʲôΣҽοȮ𣿿Ȯ
ǰٷ֮ءŮҡ

Ҿ͸òҪСҧˣҧԺˮ¹Ǿͻˣ
ΪҽżؿȮпȮз蹷ҧˡֲкܶ
Ƶġ򵥵ķǹҧԺӹĲλһëճ̿
ڱҧĵطͿԡһ취һжҩСëԽȥ
ͨѶų˵ˣëҲҲ˵ַ
ûпѧݣʵЩûеβǺЧģܶ
СƫûʲôЧʵʵڵġ

ҽܰΰٲҽβõļж೤һë
̿οȮҽұ֤һ£˱蹷ҧˣȮ
磬ҵƷ

ҽġëǰ׳Ʒƨ档һо綾棬Ҳһ
жҩʱ䡶ݸĿأΣaȮaͬOΪ
񡣪aȮ蹷ݸĿڰĸз繷ҧ˵Ŀ
ƿȮķעⶾݸĿж԰Ľⶾ
ͬжĻðƿȮܵĽǣڿȮ֮ǰ
Ѿˣ

ƵھݸĿȻҽľд׵ļ
ءҶԡƵھݸĿäĿãǷ񻹼ǵʦү
ƾʵƾ䡱Ľ̵Ҳкܶ޺ʶо
ҽĳָƵھĺܶûмֵֵо

ҽʵЩûеβǺЧģܶ
СƫûʲôЧʵʵڵġֻһ䣺Щ
㶼ʵûУЧġʵʵڵЧһŵģ
Ǿʵģ

д飺
Ƶھʹֲᡪҩӣ
http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_516b15590100flf5.html
Ƶھʹֲ2ӣ
http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_516b15590100gvdo.html
ķ涼д¡Ƽ

ںδа̡а
Ҵִš ֮ӣ
http://csf718305.blog.163.com/blog/static/49917753200962104750275/
Ҵִź֮л˵ӣ
http://csf718305.blog.163.com/blog/static/49917753200962104845465/

úа̡аŵĸΪԼĿ˵
£һλѧйͳѧ
Ҫɾһ¯ҽרҡԸļûţѧ
еϰû֪ʵ飬δĸ
аΣйͳļϵͶԺδаоԵĽ͡
Ϊƭϧͺа֮ͽͬۡ

ҲġϪѨһӣ
http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_516b1559010092le.html

÷Ծ׵׵΢ļЧЧǳޣ˵
ЧûҲ޹ء

ҵķఴϪѨఴСʣСָµļ⣩
ఴСָһ༡κεطܴఴϪѨЧ
ఴֲκβλ˫ֻһ£Ʊһ£Ҳ
ﵽఴϪѨЧ

ھ׵׵⣬иֱЧ֫˶ķ
Ҷ弰йͳ෽ˮƽòЧġ
ķ

ΪһڴͳµƭӣŸƭڣ
йа̡аĺۣͬԮӰܻΣ
Ӧöƭ׷ʹ

(XYS20110617)

˿(www.xys.org)(xys5.dxiong.com)(www.xinyusi.info)(xys2.dropin.org)

ҪĸҪںţϿƴｨŶӺԱΪ˳ʱĺ

"ݺЭ飬ۿƼѧԭ桢鱻ΪϿ
ｨŶӺĳԱ˲ѧƼܹγϵơнϵƶ
Եȹ2011Ⱥ˳ȨϷĩҷƪ£
ʱУڰѧϵķ磬ϿƴΪй̸߽ĸ
⡣"

ߵȽĸϵҾܷߣնĿںźͲε
ȡ裬Ѷи߽ƱײĲתΪòƺȴʵϸ
ΪΪͿںŵĻҪԵľĸнԵķ
ۡ

ʱУϿƴĸ̸߽ĸǶǵĿںšʱУ
ΪˣֵĸΣЩںſۺᣬ
̸߽ĸʵۺͽչΪߣΪбҪ
Ŀ

ƾǸ̸߽ĸ

УġȨƾȨֻǡ
ǡ۹⻹ǹڣӸ֧ŸУȨ
ƾȨһѧУڽ֮ϵġ
ǾЩȨ

ֻƾȨ̸߽
͹ľʩֻ׷̸ĵʽԽ̸ĵıʣͽ
ν̸߽ĸעǼӵ̸߽ĸ
ҷչĿں

ϿƴûйŶҲûѧƿܣûѧŶҲûѧ
ٷûѧУλҲûչ·ͼûڲ
ƶҲûⲿ𷨹棬Ҳȫ޴̸һִо
ʹѧĽ͹ľ⡣͵
Ŀں֮УȫԶ˰һִоʹѧ;ʵϿƴｨ
ڽϿƴԲڹҸ̸߽ĸ棡

ѧҪϵƣڶԼ
ڲϵƣԼڷ֮ϵⲿϵ
ơϿƴȫûнϿƴӦǻعʵ
Ǻͽ̤ʵأع齨һ´ѧĻŶ齨ѧƼܹá
ŶƸټõȣعƶȻƽ裬
;

ĶѧμӸ߿Ǹĸǡĸ

ҹĸ߿ͿԱȻʧΪһΪƽĺϵ
һϵûнȫΪҪ

κιңͳһĸУѧƶȱ⣬ʵ
Ӧø߿ɼΪУУΨһҪ¼ȡ۱׼
ʵø߿ɼΪΨһҪĸУ¼ȡ׼Ļβ
ȱʧỷУӻơܺͲ¼ȡĹƽ
ͺʹرȺĻõάͱϡ

ҹĸ߿ɡԡ͡¼ȡҪɡԵı׶
ڡ¼ȡñ׼)ڡá¼ȡڵı׶ȥ񶨡ԡ
ڵĺԣáԡڵĲȥ񶨡ԡڱĺ
Ǽ䲻εĻȡ衣

ΪҪǸ̸߽ĸһĸһΡĸ
ĿøõĸƵĸɲİ취ʹʩ棨𲽽
и߿Ժ¼ȡƶȣΪ˷Զԡĸʽķ
пƶȺʹʩûд֮ԸøƸɲİ취ʹʩǶ
ĲΡѧĲΡԸ̸߽ĸĲΡ

Ͽƴ˹ѧԲμӸ߿˿նĿںźͲ
εɿ֮⣬κνԵľ彨Խÿ
з治ʺϽĸ﷢չҪʱ򣬸ʾѧأ
طεľƶͲ뽨Ϊ͸ΪƵķػӷ
̬ȳƷأĸĽѵѵʹ?!

УȥΪȡĿں

繫ϵһУһӴĹ淶רҵĲη
ơЩһѧֻһܣ񡣷ڽѧ
СѧͽԱ

ʵǴѧڲܹƵĽɫλ⣬ʶ
̬ΪƺԽΪѧƵԶλ⣬Ǹ
ǷǸѧǷѧû
õ⣬ΪʲôȨ컯ΪȨ⣡ԵĴѧȥ
ֻһͷβα⡢αںš

̸ʵࡱΪںŷ

̸ʵࡱӿʼڴûһγٺͷڶ
ѧڵڶѧĿγõĿǰûȷľĿѧƷҲû
ƶѧԼҲ

ûһγ̴ٺ£¼ȡʵ45ѧȴ
Ŵ10굽18Ĵȡʹ30꿪ྭпƴ
Ҳһ˼Խȫ˴45ѧ
зǳͬǷ̶ȡƽ̶ܳȺ͵ҪҲ
Ҫͬ͹ҲͲΪʲôʱУְʮ֮õ
пƴҲܾ˴45ѧ

ʱƴյѧԱҪɣһְְ
ԺУʮԺʿһѴӿһݵԺУĽԱ
ڶѧڵڶѧγ̵ĽԱû䡣ȫûһϿƴѧƿ
ƸĿԵĽԱŶӺŶơͬʵĿγϵ
١ʱĿγ̼ȲκʾԣҲ߱ķŴ
ԡ

ѧǳҪʵΣʱŵѧ
һѧھͿʵǵڵһѧڿҲûпڶѧܲܿʵ
ΡЩʲôʵΡʵεĽѧٺ޴̸

Щʵֻܵóһ̸ۣʵࡱĽһʼȫ
һΪѧĴʩȫǴӽĽǶĴʩҲȫ
Ϊ̸߽ĸľٴ롣ֻȡȨƾȨʰˡ

УΪΪ

˽ϿƴʵǣҪʣΪʲôʱУϿƴ
ｨȫչϲõ˽ӣΪʲôʱУߺȥںŶ
ʵȴеشΨ־᣿ΪʲôʱУƵ
ƸƸĳ͹ƶȣΪʲôϿƴûʵԿѾأ
ΪʲôϿƴûܵκƻϵӡɡ

Ҳۿƴĳｨ̵ĶԱеõĳЩʾʹ𰸡

ۿƴĳｨ׶ΣҪһ
ʹѧרɵĶ»ᡣ»᲻ֱӸУѡ
УκֱӸУͼܡע⣬ѧｨĻ
УȫֱӶУѡͼܵĻڣУ
εĵһȨΡΪѧκشڶ»ļ
֮¡ʹУҲƫѧУλͬİѧ
ΪΪ

ƶƲ̸ĸ

ִоʹѧĽѾһӹսԵϵͳ̡
Ĺκ¶һ˿Եʤεģͷϴʲ
ôĹ⻷ҪѧĵһҲһ齨һ߶ȸĳ
͹ŶӣŶӵĴͷ˱Ҫлʶ֮š֮ܡ
ס֮¡źĿǰϿƴһûȥ

ϿƴΪһȫµĹѧƶƵĵһӦǶ䷨
˵ȨΡΪܣԴΪĽ綨ѧĹܰѧ֮Ȩ
ϵʽԱϡڴ˻ϲ̸ѧУڲƶ
µźϿƴĳｨȱʧһ

һûйŶӡѧƿܡѧԱŶӡڲƶȡγ̴١
չ·滮Ŀͷѧʲô̸̸߽ĸأʲôʵκ
Ľ̸Ĵʩأ

һִоʹѧҪȷָ˼룬Ҫ
Ӧ׵ľߺʹʩҪʵЩߺʹʩЧж
źϿƴӵһˣͣڿںŵϡ

е̸߽ĸʹɾɼΣһո𲽳ｨûκ
֧ŵĴѧʲôԣʲôԣʲôԣʲôԣҪһѵ
ķ֤ƾκθ־ƾں߼Ŀ
󵼽ĸźϿƴڵһûзһȫµĻڳｨ
εĴѧػθĿ

ԭ˹ٴѧʿۿƼѧѧϵǰΡ

棺ݴѧУʿۿƼѧϵڣ
ԶΡ

飺Ү³ѧʿۿƼѧѧϵǰΡ

(XYS20110617)

˿(www.xys.org)(xys5.dxiong.com)(www.xinyusi.info)(xys2.dropin.org)

Ϊо(Research Assistant Professor)

ߣ

˿ƪ㽭մѧｨеļжᵽ
Assistant Research Professorθ˲ȷеĽ͡ĸ˽
ְλһ򵥽ܣ

Research Assistant ProfessorAssistant Professor at the 
Research Track,ͨоڣ¼RAP壬
RAP()оʹѧΪоԱǿѧУõְλ
RAPȹرƳġţ(tenureͨΪְλ)(ʵ
tenure-trackҲͨţĹϵûбţ³TTAP)²ͬ: 
 1.ҪжʵҺһ˵ĿĿͬһλӲʿ
RAPҲҪͷжоTTAPûҪΪ
TTAPΪһµķãбϣ2.Ҫ̿Σ3.
УʵкϵںĿгеǳҪĽɫ4. 
Щ˽˻Ŀ˽˻ȷ˵ֻTTAPģû
κλ˵ֻRAPġRAPResearch Associate ProfessorResearch 
ProfessorǷǡţġRAPְʱTTAPȣҪж
Ŀı£ڵĹʵλȵȶTTAPְʱҪһ
ģڼѧYale, Upenn, Cornel, Duke, Chicago, U of 
WashingtonȵģоڵĹʾ󲿷Ǵоѿ֧
ѧУֻҪͷݶ(ͨ5%)нѧĻӦӷ
ţͨǿԸ9¹ʣ3Դо֧ȡʵû
취ԼҲԸ3µĻ3µĳ٣ǵйְ
׬Ǯţھ󲿷ֵҽѧԺʵǡ롱ţģͬ12¶
9£ҽѧԺֻһĹʣһҪоѿýѧ
㡣PhDǲܿ˵ģûоҲû㹻Ŀγ̿ɽ̣
ѧУͻῳĹˣͻԽԽҪסĵùҹ
ţԺһ㲻ᱻͣסˡAPţ
(tenured׳ϯ)ģҽѧԺRAPЩܿ˵TTAPĹʶ
ҪоѻпҽѧԺܿĿκ٣Դ󲿷APûн
ġRAPмĶǿ;TTAPģְʱ
ժresearchñӣֱӱţĸ(˵˵)
䡰ţں(ָţĸڻ)ͿԽһЩȦӡ
УڵһЩȨίԱᲢԴе㷢ȨоĽڽ
ЩȦӵĻǳҲȽѡѶ˶죬Ҫȡڻ٣
˳ɾͺͺ̨в8λڻ򸱽ǴRAPתģ
ЩڱʱҲûж෴һ͵о
ȴʼûлɹǴѧ֮ǰһҽѧԺѧУѾ
ˡţƸ顣окܶ˸ȥʲô
¡ҵĵʦǸĴʼˣͺܰоĽְϵԺ
죬ղΪԭǱţҪ̫Ӱо
ѧҲͬҲӰоȻؾ͸ᵽоAP˵
ҵоаܵ˵RAPڹٷѧ粢ûҪTTAPһ
(һЩһЩԱRAP)

һʼᵽƪ˿ἰļ۵㡣1. RAP
൱ʿλáȣʿһλá
ͬһѧУʿõRAPλãڲʿRAP֮һ12Ĺ
ԵְλResearch AssociateinstructorĿҪǷоԱ
󲿷ѧУﲩʿ󶼲ʽְResearch Associate
ʼʽ(junior faculty,Щλʽְеȫ
)ܹʼΪҪ(principal investigator) ȥо
ˡ2.  ֪һNon-Tenure-Track PositionġAssistant  
Research ProfessorͲǡGraduate Facultyκһѧ
ǲ߱պָĲʿоġûвһйɫĳν
ԽԱfacultyʸȥպָʿоֻҪѧԺ
оĻһ£ؼûжĺ֧оҽ
ѧԺ(RAPTTAP)ְѹϴ󣬻ѹҲͨȥֱ
оͬǮгɹĲʿҪγ̣Ҳ
ҪоԺ򱾿ƽѧ칫ͬҪȷһ±⣬Ȼ
ʽ3. Research һʴͷȥ١Ҫ
ѧУλõвͬƸ϶һʽͷ,
Assistant Professor of NeuroscienceȻעresearch trackУ
ںܶ϶ͳAPҲûҪһҪġ4. Ա
оԼĿǰѧʽְѵĽһ
ʽְġAssistant Research ProfessorʿһǲΪ
ĿĵһشоĿġRAPʽְǽ
ڵһ֣ȫʸκιҼоĿ

Ŀǳоڵ⣬Զﴫǰᵽ
˿ƪ۵㲢κ漰ҲRAPҲ
ΪŬЩӰ챾ĵĹ۵㡣

(XYS20110617)

˿(www.xys.org)(xys5.dxiong.com)(www.xinyusi.info)(xys2.dropin.org)

ʦʱԼѧ⣺ѧţû߻ʦûΣ

ߣ°

ʦڴʱԼѧ⣬ǵ

1ѧ̫ţˣĹֱǵʦ޷ģԣòʲ
СǴʱץסᣬѧһߣԼģ
е߳ܡ

ڿУԿѧʦѧˮƽѧ
ǵʦûģⶼУӦż
ǵʦж޴ѧֻ޴˵ѧ飬ҵ
λʦ֮󣬺ܿ͸ȥˡ

2ʦ̫޴ˡڴʱԼӵ⣬Ӧѧ
߱չûʵչ¸Ϊѧ
ʱ䲻ƻŲǣʦڴһһ
£㱾զûأ

ĳȫӦùڵʦ˼ڴ
ǰԼӵ£ѵʱûʶЩ⣿ʱ
û濴ô˼ҶȻͬˣڴʱ
еˣùʵ

뵽ܶѧĵʦоʵ̫࣬ѧʲôʦ
˽Ҳ٣ԣʦڴʱϿҲˡ
ĴڵǲΪ߱ʲôԡ

(XYS20110617)

˿(www.xys.org)(xys5.dxiong.com)(www.xinyusi.info)(xys2.dropin.org)

ΪʲôѪҺܲBtף

ߣϽ

һƪڡڼô˵и̥ѪзBtסı
תʿΪתк֤ݡƪµ˵ʲôΪ
ʲôѪҺԷCry1AbףתCry1Ab׵תﰲȫֻ
ȫطѧĸֽۣܹػشЩ⡣

2011531գôѧAziz ArisSamuel Leblancڡֳѧ
־ϷһƪġǼ˼ôʡ(Eastern 
Townships, Quebec)ŮԺ̥еѪһЩѪкBt
Cry1Ab[1] Bt׶һЩũҵжԲ鶯ȴܰȫڹȥ
50һֱΪɫũҩʹá[2] ѧŰBt׵Ļת
ũһЩ溦תƷ֡Cry1AbBt׵һ֣
кǿԣһЩת׾ǰ˱ֵ׵Ļ

ܿ죬һЩתý壨ת۲죩ƪģΪ
תкġһ֤ݡ[3] ϢйԺ˾޴ķ졣
һܶ෴תʿƪòƶתģ
̸Լĳ򣬸һͨĿѧоϺܶԼĽ
ôƪĵ˵ʲôΪʲôѪҺԷCry1AbףCry1Ab
ܱܲתCry1Ab׵תﵽװȫֻȫط
ѧĸֽۣܹػشЩ⡣

ٷӦ

ĴǺʳƷ׼֣FSANZƪ˻Ӧ
ٴǿ˿ѧճCry1Abף˵ǰ
ȫġ[4]

ĴǺʳƷ׼ǿ㡣ȣʹѪҺдBtף
ҲδתġBtΪһʹ50ɫлɱ
Ȼũҵֲͼͥ԰б㷺ӦáܶɫлũﶼʹBt
Ϊɱ෴ǣBtתףΨһҵCry1Abתʳ
еBt׺ߣڼӹǽ֮ʳƷԺʧ
еĵסԣʹѪҺгBtףҲпΪͳл
תﵼµġ

ڶĴǺʳƷ׼ֵĻӦǿһЩýԭʼĴ
ԭ߽ṩݣȫûнתﰲȫ
ԵۡУҲûκιڻŮԺ̥Ľ쳣ݡ
ȻܶӢýȴƪ±תкġ֤ݡ
⣬ʳƷ׼ڻӦᵽƪĵķѡ񲢲ǡ

ܵɵķ

ڲⶨѪҺCry1AbŨȵʱʹõһֽø
ELISAļѧҷַ֣ʺⶨŨ
ȵCry1Abס20032004꣬Ŀѧоַ
ţGastrointestinal tract, GITеCry1AbŨ
в[5,6] ַĽÿѧҶø߷˻ɡ
2005 ꣬¹Ŀѧҷ֣֮＼ӡø
жȲߡѷֽĵʵĵʣݴ
˵ʵĺøӾȷķţеCry1Ab
ʱЩױֽˡ[7]

Ϊ֤ø߷÷Χһѧϸоַ
Ƿ֣ʹȫCry1AbѪУø߷Ҳ
еزCry1AbסоԱɴ˵óۣø߷
Cry1AbŨȵ1.5ɿ/ֻܽġ䵰ס
Ĵ[8]

ɴ˿Կø߷һԴֲڵļʺϼ⺬
͵ʣڲⶨŨȵʱӦʹַʹһҪʹַ
ҲҪϸУҪ׵ıΪųš
ǵЩѧǼⲢȽתͷתιţ
еCry1Abת򵰰ײţѪҺ

оCry1AbŨȻÿ0.2ɿˣԶԶڷ
õļޡοоδУĿŶȸֵ
ɡҪоתʳƷеĵǷѪҺҪö飬
ҲЩδԹתʳƷȺѪȻоûϸ
ܼĻŮԵʳɣûúĶ顣仰˵ЩѪҺ
Cry1Ab׵ĻŮԣܸܿûгԹCry1Ab׵ת
ʳʵ鷽˴ļ

Cry1Ab׿Ա

Cry1AbǷѪҺǲкͽ˴
о

оθҺCry1Ab׻ܿ챻⡣[9] Ҳо
ʾȷʵCry1Ab׻볦ǣֹһо֣Щδ
Cry1Ab׻ͨų⣬Ǳֱա

2010꣬¹ѧҷһƪġͬʱCry1Abת׺ͷת
ιţΪоתţĳӰ죬о25
¡֣ЩתιţѪҺҺţû
Cry1AbסµóۣţǷCry1Ab
תףţ̵ĳɷֶû[10] һоѧҷ
еCry1AbҲţĸ࣬Ƣ࣬࣬ܰͽԼ[5] 
ƵģCry1AbתιѪҺҲⲻCry1Abס

Ϊ˽һоCry1AbǷԱоԱûѧҩ
һȱݵĴθҺڼ٣θҺȽͣС
ĽṹҲƻͨ͸ӡι˺ᴿCry1Ab׵
ԺоԱⶨЩȱݵĴѪҺѪеĸָ꣬
Ƚ˴ٵͽṹ֣ʹϵͳܵƻ
ΪϵCry1AbҲɶ𺦡[11]

Cry1Ab֮Կɱ棬ҪԭԽĳЩ֫
ĳϣȻƻṹ³ס鶯ĳϸͽ֫
ܲһCry1Ab׺ڲ鶯ĳϸϾۼʹҲ
³ס[12] СԣCry1Ab׵İ3280/ǧ˺5200
/ǧ֮䡣˵ֵ׵ĶԱʳλͣʳεİԼ3000
/ǧˣCry1AbתĿʳеĺԼֻ15/
ǧˡ[13]

Cry1Abתﰲȫ

ѾеıתCry1Abֲ㷺ת
MON810ܶҵʳƷܻϸ˴ĿѧоԺΪMON 
810ǰȫġŷʳƷȫ1998׼MON810ŷ޵ֲ룬
˺׼MON810ת׿ΪϺʳʹãɡ
[14] ŷʳƷȫΪMON810ת׺ͷתһȫ[15] 
Ĵǣ[16]ձ[17]ɱ[18]ʿ 
ôϷǣ͢ȹ׼MON810ת׵ֲ
ʳá[19] Щҵ ʳƷȫŶMON 810ת׵Ľ۶ƣ
1ת׺ʹͳķתӪû2ת
׶ũҵǰȫġ3תױɱȫ4
ת׶һЩũҵ棨ĿƷǳЧ

ۣ йءڼô˵и̥ѪзBtס
ʵϴȱݣõݲ˵Btܹ뵽ѪҺС
ѧ֮ǰBtתİȫоȻ⣬ͨɫ
ʳBt׵ĿԱͨתʳBt׵ĿԸ

л Fujia  ɫ    ɽҪ С͵˵İл 
 Ϊƪṩ˿ɿĲϡ

οϣ
[1] Aris A, Leblanc S. Maternal and fetal exposure to pesticides 
associated to genetically modified foods in Eastern Townships of Quebec, 
Canada. Reprod Toxicol. 2011 May;31(4):528-33. Epub 2011 Feb 18.
[2] University of California, San Diego: Bacillus thuringiensis, 
organic farming.
[3] GMWatch: Bt toxin found in blood of pregnant women and fetuses.
[4] Food Standards Australia New Zealand: FSANZ response to study 
linking Cry1Ab protein in blood to GM foods.
[5] Chowdhury EH, Shimada N, Murata H, Mikami O, Sultana P, 
Miyazaki S, Yoshioka M,Yamanaka N, Hirai N, Nakajima Y. Detection of 
Cry1Ab protein in gastrointestinal contents but not visceral organs of 
genetically modified Bt11-fed calves. Vet Hum Toxicol. 2003 
Mar;45(2):72-5.
[6] Einspanier R, Lutz B, Rief S, Berezina O, Zverlov V, Schwarz W, 
Mayer J. Tracking residual recombinant feed molecules during digestion 
and rumen bacterial diversity in cattle fed transgene maize. Eur Food 
Res Technol. 2004; s00217-003-0842-9.
[7] Lutz B, Wiedemann S, Einspanier R, Mayer J, Albrecht C. 
Degradation of Cry1Ab protein from genetically modified maize in the 
bovine gastrointestinal tract. J Agric Food Chem. 2005 Mar 
9;53(5):1453-6.
[8] Paul V, Steinke K, Meyer HH. Development and validation of a 
sensitive enzyme immunoassay for survellanve of Cry1Ab toxin in bovine 
blood plasma of cows fed Bt-maize(MON 810). Anal Chim Acta. 2008 Jan 
21;607(1):106-13. Epub 2007 Nov 19.
[9] US Environmental Protection Agency: [EPA-HQ-OPP-2007-1204; 
FRL-8371-6], Bacillus thuringiensis Modified Cry1Ab Protein; Exemption 
from the Requirement of a Tolerance.
[10] Guertler P, Paul V, Steinke K, Wiedemann S, Preibinger W, 
Albrecht C, Spiekers H, Schwarz F, Meyer H. Long-term feeding of 
genetically modified corn (MON 810) C fate of cry1Ab DNA and 
recombinant protein during the metabolism of the dairy cow. Livestock 
Sci. 2010 V131: 250-259.
[11] Onose J, Imai T, Hasumura M, Ueda M, Ozeki Y, Hirose M. 
Evaluation of subchronic toxicity of dietary administered Cry1Ab 
protein from BT var K HD-1 in F344 male rats with chemically induced 
gastrointestinal impairment. Food Chem Toxicol. 2008 Jun;46(6):2184-9. 
Epub 2008 Feb 26.
[12] Shimada N, Miyamoto K, Kanda K, Murata H. Bacillus 
thuringiensis insecticidal cry1ab toxin does not affect the membrane 
integrity of the mammalian intestinal epithelial cells: an in vitro 
study. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim. 2006 Jan-Feb;42(1-2):45-9.
[13] US Environmental Protection Agency: Notice of filing of 
pesticide petitions.
[14] European Union: Commission Decision of 22 April 1998, 
Concerning the Placing on the Market of Genetically Modified Maize 
Zea Mays L. line MON810.
[15] European Food Safety Authority: EFSA Panel on Genetically 
Modified Organisms, Applications (EFSA-GMO-RX-MON810) for renewal of 
authorisation for the continued marketing of (1) existing food and 
food ingredients produced from genetically modified insect resistant 
maize MON810; (2) feed consisting of and/or containing maize MON810, 
including the use of seed for cultivation; and of (3) food and feed 
additives, and feed materials produced from maize MON810, all under 
Regulation (EC) No 1829/2003 from Monsanto.
[16] Australia New Zealand Food Authority Final Risk Analysis 
Report Application A346, Food Produced from Insect-protected Corn Line 
MON 810.
[17] Biosafety Clearing House, Ministry of Environment, Japan: 
Outline of the Biological Diversity Risk Assessment Report: Type 1 Use 
Approval for MON 810.
[18] Department of Agricutlture, Philippines: Determination of the 
Safety of Monsantos Corn MON 810 (Insect-Resistant Corn) for Direct 
Use as Food, Feed and for Processing and for Propagation.
[19] Center for Environmental Risk Assessment, GM Crop Database.

(XYS20110617)

˿(www.xys.org)(xys5.dxiong.com)(www.xinyusi.info)(xys2.dropin.org)

δ⽻ѧ

ߣ
20110615Ϸձ

֯531չһݱ棬ʹֻ뻼԰йء
Ϣ㷴˼ֻ࣬ܵſƼǳ˼
ʹֻ⣬ѡ񡣡˻оרΪʹ
԰֮䲢ŷϵ

ڴ·оĳо߼ʦʾֻǷԽ
ӰѾã˴ιʰ֢оĵĹ۵ֻһЩоԱֵĹ
㣬ܴ֯ĹٷоĿǰ󲿷˶ԸϢǷӦƽ


ܶʱΪϢ͸ŵߵĿֻšǶϲ¼ɣ
Խǲ֪Խϲõĵط룬й֮ǰķʳҲһġ
ǶΣ̶Խ˽⣬Խе־壬ʱСϢע⡣
ǵϢ͸ģ͸֮£ûʲôǡءģ
һ֣ôǶе඼ʱôֻأ

°ҩƷתʳƷٵֻ˵ЩǿѧĲ
ǲΪһЩȫ˵תʳƷʱ˵
еѾʵзеıѿԴģֲֻħ
תʳƷӰ죬һʱ޷ƹ㡣ǲδũҵضת
¡ǹӣ֪Ŀֻţı䲻һƣֻ
Ƿ츣ѡѧڽģǲҭʳ
ѧĽô˵ֵùġ

(XYS20110617)

˿(www.xys.org)(xys5.dxiong.com)(www.xinyusi.info)(xys2.dropin.org)

йҪת

һȫתֲһǿͷ¢Ϲת
гתйô죿ܣţз

йܿ  Тڱ

ũҵδ׼κһתʳӽڵйҵֲ
ҲûתʳֲԽڳֵġйȫת
򡱴ԣũҵũҵתﰲȫ칫216й
ġ̬ȡ

һܣũҵ＼Ӧùʷ֯(ISAAA)222շ֣
2010ȫ29ҵ1540ũֲת1.48ڹֲ꣬ͬ
10%19962010꣬ȫתֲ86ۼѾ
10ڹꡣ

йˣ

ת򡰰ȫ

ϵһгϵתʳƷʼ90
һֱʷѡ

оɹӢоɹģӢûҽҵ˱
˵һзˡ

ʵϣʳƷתڷչжżҵİȫۡ

1998½ˡӢ˹¼ްߵ
󳬼Ӳ¼ŷת׶Բ鶯｡Ӱ족й
̬¼ЩתġšձȨо
һһ񶨡

1998꣬Ӣѧ˹ڵ̨(ͨѧĻͨ
Ȩ)ʵתιƻ
ϵͳӢʼѧ˹ı棬ר֯רҽ
ǣʵ֤תԴһЩΣ

ǵһתﰲȫйص¼һδƽϢ
ҵתﰲȫ֮

۵ǣת֧աŷ

Ƕת̬ǰŵĹңȫģת
ƷҵǴʼġʾʵϣ̬Ⱥܴ
Ϲתºз

ݽܣ˳ԵʳƷУ60%70%תɷڡס
ˮ˵ʳУתƷֱ׼ֲʳá

ҿѧԺ20104·±桶תũҵɳ
ԵӰ졷ũӽǶչת14ĻúЧ
зóۣ봫ͳũҵȣתΪ
ũ˾޴Ļ;档

ŷ˺ձתʳƷĽ̬ȣǳũƷ[16.40 1.61% 
ɰ]ڹʵ԰ȫΪһּó״ʩʵϣŷ
ձܻо10תİȫۡ
δѲҵתʳƷֱصİȫ⡣

ڶרΪת۲ݵĽҪ棺һ
תʳǷɰȫʳãתרҪɿҵͷ
գǿܿת¢ϱҵг

¢ת

ǰ˵˭ʯͣͿйң˭
ʳͿࣻ˭˻ңͿȫ򾭼á

ʯ͡ʳԪͳȫսԡʵϣĹս
ֻΧսչˣչʳҵйصת
սԵһ֡ũ[32.51 0.71% ɰ]ű
ɫũҵ˾ܾйũҵѧָ

˵ȫתֵгУɽһҹ˾ռ
85%ķݶĿǰתȫȵģȱȳָ
ȫ¢ϡ

ɫƽ֯ĵ飬ǰϾתзؼ
Ѿɽ˾ƣЩͷѾͨר͹
ʹԼһЩҵʳȨ

Ŀǰֲ͢Ĵ99%϶Ѿɽ˾ת󶹣
͢ũ񲻽ҪΪЩת󶹸ķãҴӴ˷
ϵӡɽ˾Ѿʵ¢˰͢Ĵгʹӵۣ
лȡ˾޶

ŷ޹Ҷ＼кܸߵżҵ´
ŷֹ˾ܲǨһǿ＼
ơԴ˲޵ǵرʾ

̹£ǲٹߺϵһѡ
ҵĻгܺܿͱΪ׵Ŀ˾ռ죻ҵĻ
ԽԽ󡣡

ħתʳƷҵ֡

ȻתСͷΣգйܲзת
أ

תǰ֪ġõġġȫĻ򣬷ǳȷȥ
һתƣİȫȫܹõϡΪתʳƷкܶ༼Ҫ
˵һֲҪתȥҪûκΡ¼йũ
ҵѧʳƷѧԺԺ֪תоרƲ˵

Ʋһ͵ǻ򹹳ɵģӽһȺȺĻ
ڽתƣѡеŪģҵһõġ
תı׼϶⡣ʵȻУ
ƯơձڵģũĻ۷һ͵ܣҲһֻ
Ươ

Щ˵δΪ˱ʳƷȫǵʳƷͷת򡯣
Ǻ޴ġʵϣħתʳƷֱҵ֣вɸ
ĿġҵĿġƲǿ

ʵϣתʳƷѿʼǵճ磬ҹгϳ
Ĵɫͣȫת򿹳ݼġ

ǹһҪطչתӣطչ֪ʶȨ
ҵȻгһſǵҵпܻȫû֮֡
Ʋָ

ƲΪʹļסرʾǵԭǵս
ϵһشʧ󣬾ûпչתоڴת
ййĴѾ֮ˡ

ת򣬾Ҫ󰤴

ʵϣĿǰҶתоҵѷ
չ＼Ϊ֧ŷչδսѡ2006꣬ҹת
Ʒشר롶гڿѧͼչ滮Ҫ(2006-2020)

20087£Ժ飬ҹתƷ
ר20096£Ժ̨ˡٽҵӿ췢չߡ
ȷҪӿҵΪ߼֧ҵ͹ҵս
ҵ

2010һļʵʩתƷƼشר
ץҪӦüֵ֪ʶȨĹܻƷ֣ڿѧ
ϣƽתƷֲҵ

ӼǶȿתͳֶƷָļֶΣһ
ȷͶִּ䱾ڰȫ⣻ӲƷӦõ
ȫδаȫ⣻ּķչѾɾ
ȷֵķת䡣 йũԺоΪ

ڵǰĹʼ£ǲת֣϶Ҫ󡢰򡣡
˵Ψһİ취ǣԼҲȥоת֣ʹ֮
ΪǵרƷ

(XYS20110617)

˿(www.xys.org)(xys5.dxiong.com)(www.xinyusi.info)(xys2.dropin.org)

ԱţǹܵĿ˭֪

˺ܶӿֳֺõ飬ȴûеõӦۡ
˵ܶǹܶԱʵԱְҵͬȡҸжȽϵ͡

ƾ ڡ 6173ʱǰ΢Ϊ
йߴˡһ¶Ρ桱ġ١˷ӣ΢
һ⡶ԱššԳơһԱе
йطϸĳͳ塣

ӶԡƾʾΪһ΢΢˷˽ŵ
Ա˽űʾȥ굽ڣҾЩνĳǹܴˣ
鹹ģûһʵģȥǼǹܴä¼Ҫ
˵ĴҾƶȡ

šͬʱǿֻҵ˽Ϊǹٷġ

Ϊ򡶲ƾṩġšȫģ

ллִԡһԱȻǳǹܶԱ
ǶнӴ֪ǵĲס
ۻ̫ǹҲǣҲǡܱΪ
ϱִñӡЩҲǵһ£
ִŵ¼ֻ϶Ϊΰ¼ΪǳǹȺ¼
ʵࡣšŵȣҲԭǵְ
ûˮִƸǡ
˺ܶӿֳֺõ飬ȴûеõӦۡ
˵ܶǹܶԱʵԱְҵͬȡҸжȽϵ͡
ȥҸʱһǹܴ˵Ͷ߾;òˣϽϱ
ȥûҾͲǺˣͰ⵱ͨˡ
ҺܿûģȺ壬ʵҼҲũģҲũ
СֻǴȥ굽ڣҾЩνĳǹܴˣ鹹ģû
һʵģȥǼǹܴä¼̫Һġ
ĵطĳǹҲĳǹܹͦõġִֹ쵼
һźܲˣ渺𣬺֪ȻǴ
ûɻǺܾĶԱΪҵʱԸ칫ʲô
˽⣬ĩȥִʵϰԽӴ٣ǲˣô
׼ʲôʽĶԱڰ칫ҴյЩģһֵһ飬
࣬Ҳأᶼڰ칫Ҵյһֵġ
ҸͶҲ˽ڵɣҹơơ
տЩǳͶҲǳࡣǹܲȥôҺ̯ܶ
ǱСĿ˵Ⱥ壬ɵЩӪģͲܹˣ
ΪǵǴҶߡҲԼȥһҹп澭Ӫ
Ķũ񣬴Լ棬ź̯ģе꣬е
Ϊðˣ˵ȵȡΨһļũӵ̯
Ϊγҹк˶࣬ǽŵˮ
Ҫ˵ĴҾƶȰɡȻƶ˵̫ˡǹܱ
̫ԭǵĶ߸ϵۣƫ̯Ʒһ
ɣСҵ׵ĲƣǼ󣻳лٶȹ죬ũ
Ҫѵһûϣũֻǵ˳ȴûдϰߡ
ʶıܸתΪˡ˶Ķĸ
ЩǳǹܹܵģҲǳǹܱġ
ңִв潲ǹܹķάʩòһ
ҲǺйɡʳƷȥṇ̀
ǻšЩȥʲôɶȳǹܵòҪ
õϿɵĶࡣǣûһȥΪЩֺá
һ˵ˡǳлллΪ˵лл͹۵ۡ
ֻҪ͹ۣǾͻܿˣû˻ȥЩȺҶ
˷ܣ˺ܶ࣬üһءٴθлֻ
ҵ˽Ϊǹٷġ

¼

614һΪűйߴˡΪ
˳ƣӽűٻС·ȥ¶װ·265ؼʱ
ǹ׷ˮģݿʱ̷Ⱦմӡų߿
̨ˤ£ֳƬ沿ֱ۱ѪȾ죬»籨쾯
顰ǹСˡ¼ƶˡ­ˡ

ѷŭҲʵԡָ»ñ
ԡˮ̯ˤݿȷʵǹйءţĿ֤
ǹû׷֤֤ŵ˲ǳǹܴġƵġʾĿ
۴󹫱ľ͹ٷǹס˶Ⱦյˮӣ
ˣȻͷܣһֱųǹܷ򣬸ûпҪ
ĵط·󲽾ֱֱˤ̨ס

ӸߡƾߣһԳԱ΢û@ڼҵĸ
 Ϊ˽Ÿлִԣ˽϶࣬
Լ΢ϡ

@ڼҵĸ ʾڵΪ山 ΢һ
Ůԣ6161426תйظ¼һ΢Ӧһѣ
ڲǲѣԷĶգִأЦ
ȥǹܶһ֪ˡ

(XYS20110617)

˿(www.xys.org)(xys5.dxiong.com)(www.xinyusi.info)(xys2.dropin.org)

һԺʿ ζ

ʵϰ ֣
й걨 20110615   11 棩

    һȵйѧԺԺʿѡ523ЧѡĹ
Ļ

    ڵѧϣйѧԺż׵ооԱҺ
Сǰ״ͨλƼΪпԺԺʿЧѡˣδ
һ֡

    ֮£2010428գҰ⿼죬⡱֪
ѡΪҿѧԺ⼮ԺʿϢȫû˼׼ҺͶ
й걨˵ѡҲ֪ԼԭҿѧԺѡˡ
ҲΪĸ￪12λѡ⼮Ժʿй½ѧҡ

    ܶѧҲԺʿѡ̵ģʵⲢΪ
֮Ρѧ־ࡢǰҿѧԺԺ³˹رʾ
ѡٵĻȷʵԽԽӣָӶҲӳѧһʶ
κθ˻СѡٽӰ졣

    йԺʿѡٿϸʽͬʱɱԺʿ
ѡ

    Һһ˹ٴѧѧϵڳ֪Լѡҿѧ
ԺԺʿϢʱоԼϲˣΪѹ֪Լ
¡

    ҵʱһѧ2009꣬ںʽİ칫
ӵҿѧԺѧרҵίԱϯĵ绰Է˵ӭ
Ϊǵһӡ

    ܹٻѧҵ֮һϲòšҿ
ѧԺ1863ֵܻ꣬ҹԺҽѧоԼߵĳ
вšо»ṹˡԺһᡱĹоԺϵ
2011꣬ҿѧԺ2113Ժʿ418⼮Ժʿн200ٻ
ŵ

    ͬпԺҿѧԺÿ궼ѡԺʿѡٹȴ
ѡ˿ʼ2005꣬ڡͨԺʿ֮·һн˵ʽֻ
Ժʿύϰѡ˵ļһ250ҵĸѡѧ
͵˵ҲǵѡɡԼ12ƪĴĺ

    ˭Ƽң˿֪йѧԺϺ΢ϵͳϢ
Ա˵2007꣬ΪһҿѧԺ⼮Ժʿй
Ůѧҡ

    ǡǡӳҿѧԺԺʿѡ̵ص㣬Ϣ͸Ժʿ
ίڣܵ˿Ϸ죬ڹķĵѡߡ

    ʱλ71̫̫ѾǵĴβμпԺԺʿѡ
2007һͱ̭ľ7λԺʿѡʵƼ
ңǵѹ϶ǳʧҸеǳΡÿѡʱ
ҶЩԺʿ

    䲻ǹ2007굱ѡҿѧԺ⼮ԺʿԬ¡ƽ걨
пԺѧίԱδֱ1994йԺڶŵѡԺԺ
ʿ

    ЧѡйԺʿѡпԺѡѧίԱʼ1955꣬
1991ȷһȵѧίԱ1993ĳԺʿѡĿǰп
ԺԺʿ709ˣ⼮Ժʿ56ˡ

    ȷΪЧѡ˺󣬽314Чѡ˻Ľ
ȺΪѡ˺ʽѡˣڶֲ޼ͶƱڵ12


    2011йԺԺʿѡҲںѡˡλĻڡ
йԺԺл˲ýʾΪ˱֤ѡӦý
һ󹫲Χйѧѧڹ˺ԣ͸

    һ󹫿һҪܣԺʿѡ֮Ĳ죬ڡ
͡䡣աйѧԺԺʿѡʵʩϸ򡷵Ĺ涨Ժʿ
ƼѡˣֹƼԱǿӰ졢Ϊ
ƱƼ׼ȷԺʿ׼ҪӦسеƼ
Ρ

    ƼҲҪϼ顣2011깤ԺԺʿѡ״ȷԳ
ѡ˽ɡɡΪֱӴѡһСز
ʵŪ١ͨ͡ʽл⣬١ֹѡ
١ȡһʸ񡱺͡Ժ󶨺ᱻ
¼ġ

    йԺʿѡٿϸʽͬʱɱҲ
Ժʿѡ١۴ѧҽѧԺ㸱˵ƶȵϸ
ؽϲһʱϸڣɱзâ
˲š

    Ժʿֻһѧоú壬Ҳѧƺ

    ⲿԴԺʿĲͬ⡣2010꣬ݴѧŷķУѧ
ڸ׸񡤵˿糿6֪ԼѡҿѧԺԺʿϢһ̣
˯ڿĳ⳵ϡӦǫسܣ
ڽй걨ɷʱ˵

    ϳ˶˹̨ȼ򣬸йԺʿ
ƺšھƼңֻпѧѧԱԱֻһѧ
оú壬Ҳѧƺš˺й걨˵

    Դˣ2004굱ѡҿѧԺԺʿͬѡ
ѧԺʵֻǳΪһԱй䷭ΪԺʿ
ݵλʵûΪҴλʴϵκθı䡣

    ҿѧԺһӪԵѧ֯ڹϡ
ͳǩĳעҿѧԺֻܹõίС顢
顢ʵ顯ֱоѣܹΪЩ񣬶õκβ


    ⻹ÿ200ԪԺʿѡ겻ѣתΪ
ԺʿѡȨͱѡȨѧ־ִࡢҿѧԺ
Լڽй걨רʱ˵

    ˣԺʿҲûκȨԺʿְܸƣ
Լòй걨˵ǵ1996һյ磬
оԺ¥һۼλԺʿ
Ŷ̿ͱЬǶӰ๤ġ

    ֮£йѧԺ󲿷ԺʿŹҡʡкڵλġء
ԴᱣϲĹ涨200911пԺԺʿȡ
Ĺҽÿÿ200ԪΪ1000Ԫ

    ˺ΪԺʿƶȱݣһԺʿʸʵ϶
ǣûʸûӦԤѧ񣻶ԺʿΪ
ӵСѧɴԺʿר൱ڡ
ǡѧ컯ı֡

    ԺʿơָΪԱơ ѸԺʿϵȨ
룬ѧıĿԴˣܽ˵˳

    ϸѧΪ׼ѡٹ̲ܹ֤ѡԺʿһģ
ȴܹں̶ܴϰЩ׼ų

    ҿѧԺԺʿѡȻʮԻ಻ƽĽ
˵

    ѧʦ͢1986ͳΪҿѧԺĺѡˡճ
ֻҪְԺʿͶƱͨλͻۡ߾ͿԳΪ
ѧԺԺʿͶƱѡٹУ⵽ѧлΡʵǿҷԣ
ں͢ٵġ仯еУõѧ
ſѧϵĴ

    ȻѧΪҿѧԺлΡʵķܹע
Ϻ͢ʼûжһ֤ǿķλѧҾѡˡ

    ԴˣԡΪɣܾй걨׷ʡᵽ
2003齨ġʱС顱רĳĳЩĺѡˡǰ
µѡԺʿһȼڱʵҡѧʡѧԺ

    ŮԿѧҡѡ˺δִѧƣںѡ
ϷǱĵصҲҪڡ͵ЩȺ
屻ԺʿѡӣǡʱС顱ְڡ

    ˣȻС׺顱֡ɽɽݴѧղԣũ
ҶΩһһԵѡҿѧԺԺʿĻ򸾡1995꣬Ҷ̵
ѡɷδܣҿѧԺصΪһʸ񡣴꣬
ղԣũҲѡ˫˫ΪԺʿ

    ʷϷַݡ2008굱ѡҿѧԺԺʿϣղ˹
·ϸѧоIMCBѡܡȥ20
ɷIMCBִ䵱ĵͨѶߡ
Ϊɷһδѡһղܴƶ򸾹εĬ
2009꣬˳ѡ

    ղ˹ܾѡԼжǶԺʿѡٲȫƽ
ע⡣۵ָ2009ŵ￣2010껯ѧ
ѧ¡տˡձѧҸӢһľ¶ҿ
ѧԺԺʿ⼮Ժʿ

    ԴˣŦԼѧʿܴ϶йԺʿѡܹ
ϸѧΪ׼ѡٹ̲һܹ֤ѡԺʿһģ
ȴܹں̶ܴϰЩ׼ų⡱

    еҺҪöࡣ˶ǺܵģҶѡ
Ҳ˽⣬ֻܰѸýĲϽȥˣʣµľȳ
̸ΧԺʿѡִţӦ

(XYS20110617)

˿(www.xys.org)(xys5.dxiong.com)(www.xinyusi.info)(xys2.dropin.org)

ô U. of Alberta ҽѧԺԺ Philip Baker ݽ泭Ϯȴְ

ߣ˾ռ

ô U. of Alberta ҽѧԺԺ Philip Baker ʮڱҵ
֮ݽʱҷһ漰Ϯҽ׫ Atul Gawande ȥ˹
̹ѧҵ֮ݽ, 챻ȴְ. УѧڶԸԺ֮ΪΪ
, Ϊƻ˴ѧ. ȻУУƺ⽫ݽ֮
. У֮оѧ᳤ Roy Coulthard ݽʸĲӦ
˫ر׼.

һλô U. of Calgary Jenny Godley Ϊ Philip 
Baker ֮ݽ, 뿪, ÿƲ, ܼɴ
.

(XYS20110617)

˿(www.xys.org)(xys5.dxiong.com)(www.xinyusi.info)(xys2.dropin.org)

¹±ѧȡŷԱʿѧλ

»615յ磨򣩵¹±ѧ15У
ܵȷϣŷԱȡƺա÷ֵĲʿĴԣȡ
Ĳʿѧλ

Уƺա÷2000ݽĲʿ൱ݴԡ
ܳ80ҳУ120УʿѧλίԱжΪϮ
֮ûעοĿЩϮ30ͬ

ƺա÷511һŶȥŷḱ鳤ְ񣬵
Ա

ǰ¹ǡʱιҲԳţ¹
һѧشѧȡʿѧλ31ȥְ

(XYS20110617)

˿(www.xys.org)(xys5.dxiong.com)(www.xinyusi.info)(xys2.dropin.org)

һΪ˰޷˿վĹ˽˿վĶ̬ؿ
˿ʼбxys@yahoogroups.com

ʼбÿ췢һ˿վ¸µϣÿµ׷һÿ
Ŀ¼ʼбĶμ롰˿֮ѡ
ʼбxys_friends@yahoogroups.com

ù䶩ġù䣬ܿ޷յ
Ƽ䣺yahoo.com, hotmail.com, gmail.com

ġ˿ʼбĵ䷢һհż

xys-subscribe@yahoogroups.com 

塢ͣ˿ʼбͣ䷢һհż

xys-unsubscribe@yahoogroups.com 

Ͷxinyusi@yahoo.comôıļͶ塣

˿(www.xys.org)(xys5.dxiong.com)(www.xinyusi.info)(xys2.dropin.org)

