                           ˿µϣ2012918գ

12.09.16-17ûи
12.09.18, ӡϰ˵ߺ
12.09.18, ֪Сǧ˼ƻƽݽڣһ˼
12.09.18, ǧ˼ƻķɵǱǹģڹڹüݣ
12.09.18, ¸ձ㲩ʿٳһ¡
12.09.18, ܿ˹ҵĲʵ
12.09.18, ܡ˿
12.09.18, Yztsfйҩ2010һ
12.09.18, ѧѧ˭ܻشĴ⣿
12.09.18, ΰåӻ
12.09.18, ʡԳԷȱϣ˹ӡ
12.09.18, blueseaԡ³תͣǲӦÿǲԵĸı䣿
12.09.18, ᡶձý¶㵺С
12.09.18, ״ٶһ ԺعرհٶĿ

˿(www.xys.org)(xys7.dxiong.com)(xys.ebookdiy.com)(xys2.dropin.org)

                   ϰ˵ߺ

                     ӡ

¼δˡղټҲδµ
֣һЩɺ˽˿϶д˶Ը¼Сᡢ̵㡣ȼһ¼
ߵ˼ʧʧȥɺԶ
Ƶ1.73ף¼ֻˡ

һЩѧߣҲܲΪλмתȥɺߣ
ƺǲŻɵ¡ôҶһǣһѡҼ
ͬʱҲһ棬һ֣ƭӾô򲻵ˣο
ɺ߹У˶֣õࡢΡͼ
ѧȸ֪ʶԢ֣ǺܺõĿաοҸָһ·
ӴԺȥǣֻһ֮

ɺߣҲиĿģǾ֤һױ
ҲҪ˵ѣǸϰ˵ߡ֤ûдʲ֤ͬ߱Ǻ
򵥵һ£ȴ޷֤ҳ֤Ա
˵ɲںʵ൱ںɳشЬӴ˸Ĵ
ЬȴֱͷͷףƵƵɹ˺ӰƬЩ޳֮
ˡΪ֤ǲڳӱһԽ顣

һС֮еˣضϰ˵ѣ
ջˣԼҲֲʵͻˡѱںܶѣ
ֱſھĵز鱨ֻ򵥵һЩе
йء磬ָһѧĳɼܲˣǲд
꡷šһĹ׵ƷġԴ˱ʾͬ⣬
˵ĳɼʵܺãƽʱһ㶼85ֵ90ҡ˵
丸ǰ˵ҲǷֵĳɼʦͬѧ
˵˵ˣѧĳɼȷܲҲͬ
ۣ꡷šһĳɼܲдģǱ
˴ʡ

ɼҲſںճʱ̨ϴԼ
ǵȫ淢չ˲ʱ˵һףһףҶǵһ
http://www.tudou.com/programs/view/nnVahGeCHDA/ 51ӣ
ҪĶܺҪĳͨǽѶɷʱȴ
˵ԼһСܣû100ףҲûܹ10000ףȻ
õһҵʱǳܣоܲҶԾõһ
400800150030008000ൽ8000ףûܹ10000ף
ȫУͬѧ֤ġhttp://hanhan.qq.com/hanhan/interview/news27.htm
˵ȫìܣԼ˵ģǸĸ

˲ͶһһĹ棬ڻţ
ԵúܿУһЩ˶Դ̾мӡʵأ

μӸֻᡱ5£̨μӡƽ
̳Ӣš5롱㲻μֻ᣿

ٰǩۡ2010꣬ǩۣ
http://news.yzdsb.com.cn/system/2010/07/23/010610195_05.shtml

ŵд򡱡ʾӺǰ򡣺
Ӧ㻹ŵ˰ɣ

μӰ佱񡱡Ͽҵܶμ佱Ƭ
ָǸ˰佱ĻҲУ20127£μӵʮйѧ
ѧԺ佱񣬸ίرƼ󽱻߰佱
http://health.pclady.com.cn/fashion/1207/844721.html

дκεԼרڡѿרָˮֶࣺ
http://www.chinanews.com/cul/2011/06-29/3144010.shtml
̸̳Ҳһר

дκġĲ͸phone΢ɱдģ
󣬸ôĶһµֻPHONE
ӦٶȺܿ죬ϵͳܺãֵһֻƪºһƪ
ԵעûԻһ̨ллÿһߵ֧֣İؼ
(http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_4701280b0100ixd0.html)Ƽ
΢ɱMicrosoft Security Essentialsȥ
ϸѹɱ˵鷳ҺܺãǰWINDOWSϵ
ͳҪ档һУëƬ˿ĶëƬô֪ܶʶ
ȨصĹ߿ܻĸáȻҲϣԱһЩ
ɱȫѵġĵǰλעû߽һWIN7
ϵ(http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_4701280b0100h2p8.html)

һġҲһĻԡ

ǰײɷʱ̸ջ˵ԭǲձ
ҵģʵû취ջ
http://www.tudou.com/programs/view/r7SHKhe0cT8/ 546뿪ʼȻ
ڵԭǸձ˹³ԣߵճӢSUVμ
ʹõһ̨ձƷƵ

һѻƪϰ˵ߣ۴ɲص棬ȴ֪
ˡе¸С滰ʱ˻
Щ֪ǲ˵

2012.9.17.

Ѷ׷

(XYS20120918)

˿(www.xys.org)(xys7.dxiong.com)(xys.ebookdiy.com)(xys2.dropin.org)

ǧ˼ƻƽݽڣһ˼

ߣ֪С

СΪ˫רҵĲ񣬶Կƽǧ˽ڳڽһֱܾ
ǰżϾѧһΪǧ˼ƻƽݽУѧ
ţ12)2012 53ա4ա7磬ӦϾѧԶ
ѧԺ룬ǧ˼ƻѡߡĴѧƽݽڣ3Уѧ
ҾƶˣƽڲϾѧԶѧԺ2010Ƹȫְǧ˽
(4)ѲͬһѧԺȫְʦ滹Ҫ¡

ƽڣСʼ䣺1ڻĴѧȫְʦ2
ÿϾѧ£3ϾѧΪλ
ɶ־ϰ 

1 http://zs.njust.edu.cn/newzs/news/zhxw/20120508141356.htm
2http://www.ccug.net/news/2012/05/08/100934.jhtm
3http://www2.mae.cuhk.edu.hk/~jhuang/
 4: http://zs.njust.edu.cn/newzs/news/xxyw/20100709095010.htm

(XYS20120918)

˿(www.xys.org)(xys7.dxiong.com)(xys.ebookdiy.com)(xys2.dropin.org)

ǧ˼ƻķɵǱǹģڹڹüݣ

ӣã

ķɲμһЩ顣ģ
http://news.buaa.edu.cn/dispnews.php?type=1&nid=91134&s_table=news_txt
д֮УԺʿУǧ˼ƻڷķɽڹͬΪ
ݿѧ빤оĽĻ"ҺܾôȥˣΪǰ֪
ڹ뿴ӣ
http://news.sciencenet.cn/htmlnews/2011/3/244993.shtm

Ҿվĳǧ˼ƻǷڹ⻹ְعʱ
Ƿ⡣ڵЩھȻڹ
ѧͬʱǧ˼ƻɡǧ˼ƻľ涨ҲǺ֪û
Ĺ涨ԭǹģڵˣԭľʧЧˣ
鵽أһȷһ˵ǧ˼ƻǶڵĻ
ڵģǳڵģںȻڰȫְ֪ڹڵʱ
α֤http://homepages.inf.ed.ac.uk/wenfei/

ַһţ
http://today.hit.edu.cn/news/2011/08-21/2443104180RL0.htm

ȻѧصоƻĿ3

1. Ļؼ----ķɽ
׼ţ61133002  270Ԫ

ȥ껹ڹȻѧصĿݳӦ
ġҾ֪ĿĵһӦǹڵȫְڣǷ
˵ڵǧ˼ƻӦڹڴ9µ֣Ϊʲôڰ
ѧȻȫְѧ

ڷڵѧʶһǺ͵ģ˵ЩҴ̫
ʣϣҰ塣

(XYS20120918)

˿(www.xys.org)(xys7.dxiong.com)(xys.ebookdiy.com)(xys2.dropin.org)

㲩ʿٳһ

ߣ¸ձ

㲩ʿ³ǧ˼ƻĳ壬˵ԣǼ
绰˵ӣ

ڱҲкܶѣ̸ʱǳпһЩǧ˼ƻ
ѡ߸ûкͬͶľ޶ѪǮֲΪҽ
ףֻǼڻʥڻعתһȦ˳Ѿ޶ߡ˲ŵĵλΪ
˵˲ŹϳɼһҲʵ鲿㱨
˿ҷıѧձԼѾȫְع
Ժʿ֮Ժ˲ǧ˼ƻĳš

㲩ʿԼ뱱ѧǩĺͬ˾壬Ҫ
˲ҲҪϸкͬǼѧ˺üǧˣн
ǧ򾭷ѣͬʱڹⵣȫְڣݹʡ㲩ʿ
ѧȫһĽ͡


http://www.coe.pku.edu.cn/subpaget.asp?id=265
http://fliu.eng.uci.edu/

֣
http://www.coe.pku.edu.cn/subpage.asp?id=128
http://geo.ua.edu/faculty-staff/chunmiao-zheng/

һ
http://www.coe.pku.edu.cn/subpage.asp?id=3202
http://fmri.mbi.ufl.edu/liu_new.html


http://www.coe.pku.edu.cn/subpage.asp?id=2252
http://www.engr.wisc.edu/ie/faculty/shi_leyuan.html

(XYS20120918)

˿(www.xys.org)(xys7.dxiong.com)(xys.ebookdiy.com)(xys2.dropin.org)

˹ҵĲʵ



ܿ914˿ϵԳǱ˹ҵĲʵ
𾪡

ΪҪ֤ʵһ»ʵûбҪȥκα绤

Ҳκθһ˵ڴ˳弸ʵ

(1)ҵǧ˼ƻB࣬Ҫÿٹ2¡ҵĹʱԶԶ2
¡

2ΪʲôûȥҵĸУûбҪͣӦȥ´
У칫˽⣬ӦúҲ²⡣

3ҺͱгõʵԵĺûûУӦúұ
졣

Ҷ˿ֲʵ͵ҥԵеŭ 

лл

ܿ

2012914

(XYS20120918)

˿(www.xys.org)(xys7.dxiong.com)(xys.ebookdiy.com)(xys2.dropin.org)

˿

ߣ

˿ƵܵйزŵΣˣ˵䣬
һԵ⣬ΪʲôҪ˿һ˼˵ֱӷӦ
Ҳֵ˼ġΰĻʱĲϢʱʣ
ֽһ󲽡˿һѧƽ̨ҲһȽ˼ۼأ
Σ˵ǵĹҲᳫ˼룬ɴ˿֪һ
Ĺң͸˼ļֵˣΪһ˵˼άķӦ´Ϊʲô
˵𣬡

1.ͳ߶ɵĿƣ

ȣҪ˿ʣˣվաѧ١
Ŵ١֧תʳƷҽαѧƭӣԼȽ
˼ԡɴ˿֪ϲ˿ṦЧѵƳѧ٣
ǶɱΪĳŽ裿ΪʲôҪ˿Ӧýף
򣬾ǶãǶãҲӦһǺ
ˣ״Ӧ𣬳ͳߵūͶ
ᷢչ֮ˡĻΪһǲͬġȻ
ͳβοǴЩͳˮƽԲοͳʡ

Ļ滷֮һͳβΪʲôɣһΪͳ
ߵȱݣͳĲţ˵һֹܱ־
ȨϣͳβĲţܡɴˣΪ񡱼
ƭ֣Ϊթν£ˣѭ
ʧȥθУȴĹϵͳ뱻ͳߵĹϵ
οֱӾߵʡⲻ̸ΣֻΪһ
˼ҪԼͳҲӦýġһ
Ҳĳ쵼˴죬ôӦһƳĹ
׷ֱġͳνִ˵ףĹͬĳ
ֻĳУһҵߡӦԿͷΪĿ꣬
ǿ֮

2.״Լ˼·

չйҵ״ͬС죺ơܡΣڲì
ܡһֻ״̬Ӧ˼ά⣬йĸ￪Ÿպ
ϻʵϣӰԸĸ޴ã
Ϣ֮֮ͨϵƶ̣Ӧ
ñĸӦûƶ˻Ὠ˸һƽ
ԡִᣬĿ꣬ζ񵱶Ϳܣ
͵õΣ׷

ʵ£Ϊʲôأʧȥжĺ
йء;ʮ֮ǰΪʶ̬Ľ񵳳Ϊ
ˡΪϵҪ񵳳ˡˡⲻĥ
սԴͳβӦԳԶ͹۽񣬷򣬼ͳβ
źͳˮƽ¡ʣһ״ֱӾǽĽ
һң̰1000ԪĹԱ10Ԫƽ̷ͬȣײ
ͯ˾ȥپʮ·˶˵Ķͯ޶ԣô
˿ҲǾпܵġ

3.ӦԿͷΪĿꣻ

ڶսӽβƻԴͻֵ̣ȴ
ӵй˲͵ֽȻͬ˼άƣӶܴ
ؾ˸ԵķչҲ֪ҹزŵʲô
Ϊ˿

һ˿Ӱѵ˿ԹŮͯɫ顢а̡
ΪּȻѧ١յȽ˼롣ȴҪΣ
Ϊʲôѵݲ֧ѧٵϢᳫ١ܣ
Ӧ͡

ƳĻйأ˿ҽΪĶΪʲô
ҽΰҽҩѵÿ͵˿༸ȴ
ЩΪӶģȻ˵ġֻһŭ
Ϊһʫд߾ͲӦ˵ġԷŭӦò
ˡֿڵĳɷݣŭԭ򣬱ǣһھ䡰ġ
ԶԶֲϡԪǮĸܡ

Ƴ뷽ҼǵСʱһסʮΪʲôвû
ƷˣйʮŸΪѧƻΪġʫ⡱
صҰȱݡ³Ѹй˲ҪйҵƷеģҹ۲죬
󲿷ֻΪйŵϵˣֲǼûж˼룬
£вΪη񡣹ؼǣУʧȥͲ
ƷʣΪѧ˼׷ǡǡǣʲôһ˼
̣ʧȥ˼ıʡ

ӽйɫĿңṦЧرʱĿ
ѧä޴ģյ˼ĿĲηֱð
ƷΪһѧʶ񣬴Ӷƶᷢչ˿Ϊ
սЧ֮һΪʲôܵεĴѵᳫѧᳫţ

4.ڷӵΪûκα̬

ȻҪõٷϿʱµѾľʣô
ЩǣڹٷʲôӦǿ
ģǱĸĸߣ쵼쵼һ죬й
ɫĳƺԾִԵԢʱǸĸ￪ŵĳɹ

(XYS20120918)

˿(www.xys.org)(xys7.dxiong.com)(xys.ebookdiy.com)(xys2.dropin.org)

йҩ2010һ

ߣYztsf

л񹲺͹ҩ䣨¼йҩ䣩й½Ȩҩ
Ʒ׼صƷֶӦڵʱпɿҩƷָꡢ
ұ֤ȫЧƷ֣ǲϷµҩԭҩµʶ
ԼҩƷ鼼ߣһʱҩ޶ٰΪȻ
й󣬵һйҩ1953ι˧׼Ǹ٣
඼Ŀйҩĸ¸İ湤ͬһʱʱ
˶֧飬֮ʮй2ٰ棬ֱ1963ڶ
йҩ1977ĵйҩ䡣ĸ￪ȫȫתƵ
Ϻ󣬹Ҹ𲽹淶̬йҩҲ1985İγ
ÿİһΡʮĹѳھŰ棨2010棩

йҩ֮͸߾죬1950Ϻеҩ乤̸
ΪҪйһҩ䶨»廯ѧڻҩƷ
׼ӦѧԲԣڻָҩƷ׼Ӧʵʣй
ʱձľˮƽͼ˵ҩƷָ꼰ҩƷ
Ҫ̶ȷҩƷȫЧҩƷ׼ȷɿҪҩƷ
ڿɼԱ豸ҩƷ
޶ȱڵҩ󡣡λһġ廯
ҪָҩӦعҩƷָҩҩһܲ׼
ȷᷨںҩζʵظˡֵ
ǣʱȫΪ1953ҩдУˡ
ѧĪʧˡ

19537£йһҩ档1953йҩƷ531֣
ҩĽдơġʲݡʡƤơƤԶ־
кҶ㡢˽㡢ۡǣţӡѿʮ֡ΰָ
ʾҪҪҽѧϰҽҽѧҽ
سλΪҽûнѧӦȡ޵ĸ⵽гְ
ѧ۵־ΪΣװҩйͳҽҩĺҲ
Ϊйҩԣ1963棨ڶ棩ʼй
ҩһ2005ڰ˰йҩƷһ
ҩػѧҩ׳ҩйҩ֮ġ
廯ʱֱ졣

°йҩ2010һƷ2165֣һ2005йҩһ
1019֣100%ӵƷԶԶͬҩ
ʵеҽҽÿ¡ҽԺҪ
ִҽѧֶβάʵͬйҩУҩƷȫ
Ժִҩͥˣأרҵ֪ʶֻҪ
Ķ߼˾֪ʶһ߽
йҩ2010һУͨ2ʵйȨҩҩƷ׼
ʲôɫ

뿴˲裨йҩ2010һ437ҳ裨йҩ2010
һ678ҳΪ׼ݲ۵㣬ҩ׼Ҫ
ԷȽϵʽб

http://www.scipark.net/2012/09/%E5%A4%A7%E8%AF%9D%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E8%8D%AF%E5%85%B82010%E7%89%88%E4%B8%80%E9%83%A8/

ǲҩǷƵЧҲòй
ҩڿйҩ֤鷽ҩҩַڶף
ҽʦǴδٴ֤56ֻ58ҩģеļһҩģ
ҩΪԭϵƳƷڴ˾ͺԣͬеÿһֶԴﵽ
ЧĲɻȱʹű˳¿

ȿԱƼĴɣҪ⵽ҩ
һҩ˲żȫͬĳɷ֣44ͬɷֵ
ͬΪ51ͬɷֵ1:110:1֮䡣Ƽԭ
ϵĹɼһôһҩֲͬ

ٿΡЩ죬ƼĹûв
ͬԶ׼ģǰ˵ġôһҩֲͬ񡱵ĸ
׼ȷġ

ٿƷ5658ҩƳɷĩ˲衰ÿ100˷ĩ
100~110ˡˣƳɳƷÿͬ۵
ĲͬͿԵ³ƷҩĳɷֺԼ2.5%͸ˣ
ÿ100˷ĩ120~150ˡ150ƳɵĳƷ120
ƳɵĳƷȣǰҩķĩΪҩķĩ[100
100+150][100£100+120]100%=88%κκߣ
ֵ࣬Ҳˡô׼ΪʲôһƼ涨һΨһ
ֵǹ涨һΧƺأ
Уһָμ۵ճʹɢҩĩγ״
ͬҩ۵ճԣһ·۱Ϊ1:11:1.5ͬҩۣ
ʪȲͬ豸ͬҲвͬĶϸ¸
ʪļߣִGMPҪҩʪϸҪ
صӰѾСˣֹϻеߡԣΪ֮ȫ
׼ҩƷ׼ֻܶ涨һΧʵǰЩҩƷ
ҩóɷֺ׷ʵ˷ϸΪҩ˵
ʲôزժӹȵĲͬͬͬҩģĳЩѧɷ
ĲԱ߳һˣվҩѧɷֵ
ĽǶȿĳҩĳĳЩòƾ׼ıƭƭЦ
21ˣҩȻɵڴֵñӡ

ٿ롾÷Ƽ÷ȫͬڷ
һһ裬һ2ΡôʵʳԽȥĸ50ҩĳɷأ@
ٿ ܣӹXXȽϣ˲ùϸ
ص㣬ҲЧõĻȥƽϡ
Чͺáǳªʶֻ׷˲ùϸǷ
󡣵Ӵԭҩƺȷʵˣ˲Լ80%ԭҩ
ͬԭҩ屶¼ͬҩȽϣٵͬ
߳ʮƷϵǡǡ෴

Ʒȡֵ˲衰ÿ100˷ĩ105
ˡ衰ÿ100˷ĩ135ˡ

3˵˲躬ҩķĩ=3100£100+105=1.46

9˵躬ҩķĩ=9100£100+135=3.83

1.463.83100%=38%

˲ÿкҩķĩȻÿкҩķĩ40%

پҩ˹ȣ

ҩƳɷĩеʧ

[353892.5100£100+105] :[95828100£100+135] 
=1:12.3

ÿ˲к˹ȻΪ1/12

ԭԭϼǻ˵ģ䡰ùϸ󡱣
ɵÿȴԶ˼ңÿֻܳһ裬ܳԵľԶ
Ҷࡣ˲裡@ٿ δó˴ۡ

Ƶǣȫֶͬͬһ֢ռȴ
2.5ȡƷļ˲衰ÿ100˷ĩ110ˡ
衰ÿ100˷ĩ120ˡռɲ3˲
ֵׯϵҩʥˡ˳ϲ˵ҩֶ
ҽ˿׼涨ķҩ˲ֶô
м֣

󿴡롾ⶨҩƷ׼зǳҪ
ָ꣬ȷҩƷǷдй涨ĳɷ֣ⶨȷҩƷгɷ
ĺǷ봦涨һ¡ѧҩ׼ҪÿҩƷҩóɷֶ
ͺⶨҩ׼ҪɵĶ֪࣬Ϊҩ
ΰ죬ΪҩȫЧΪ⽵
׼56ҩƳɵ˲ֻ8ҩ1ҩ
ⶨ58ҩƳɵֻ24ҩ𣬳˶жɷ
ͷһ飬ûκζָꡣ

ҩ׼ҩ飬Ͳ֪Ǿ󲿷
δĳɷûУҲ֪δ뺬ⶨĳɷֵж١
йҩһУǺⶨй涨Ҫĳɷ֣京Ҫ
Ҳ涨޶ûޣԳɷֳ⣩ֻҪﵽ涨۸
ٶġ⣬гҩͺⶨҩкĳֻĳ
ѧɷΪָ⡣磬гҩ˲εļͺⶨͨ
ûСжپΪ˲εҪҩԳɷֵ˲ȷġ˲
ڱ˵ö˲ҶкߣһЩ̱㳣˲Ҷ˲Σ
˲е˲μ˲ҶʡˣΪеͬ
˲գ˲պ˲ҶߣĤ˲εҽӦø
ͥȥĤ۸˲Ҷˣ˲ֻ
ɾҩҽðɣ

ҩƷҩƷɷ׼ǼҩҩƷɷֵ׼
ҩҩҩƷ׼жΪϸҩƷȻǼҩҩҩ
Ʒհѹؼı׼ϣֱҵĸе¡
ϸ̬ܺöأ

йҩ2010һеĲ洦ɼ磬ؽҩ
̬ʺҩҩٱ磬Ҫ56ҩĻ쵽һʲô
øܰϵ۳63ҩĻ쵽һƳɵİ衢74ҩĻ쵽һ
ƳɵУһ붫Ľ衢ʹۻ
ѧǳɷάҩЧ衢˥ߵԱ
ȵȣЩȣ˲Ѿ㲻Ƕôˡ

˵˰죬˵ҽ˿ϲּĻйҩ2010һ
Ҫ֤ؿһӴ׼ãȴҲи׼ëͺ
ӬҲ صҩѾҩͳΪ֪Ϊ
ȴûκ׼ҩһˡ

(XYS20120918)

˿(www.xys.org)(xys7.dxiong.com)(xys.ebookdiy.com)(xys2.dropin.org)

ѧѧ˭ܻشĴ⣿

Ӣ۲ұ201299

ѧͼ(Julian Baggini) ģǶʶļ
ѧǱԽԽִŵҪǵ㼣̤
ѧҵԽȨ⣬ѧ˹˹(Lawrence Krauss) 
ɡ
The Observer, Sunday, 9 September 2012

http://www.guardian.co.uk/science/2012/sep/09/science-philosophy-debate-julian-baggini-lawrence-krauss

ͼ᣺ûһֻ˽һѧʾĹĶˣ
Ϳѧη֮ĵġȻѧѧȣѧ
Ƚϵ⣬˲ее㼵ʡЩѧǣĽЩ
״ӵġǶôϣǵĳɾҲ˺޿ɱ粵
ЩҲԲؼΪ֤ѧƵļֵŬһô
õ顣

һһȷ֪һǵһһҵȷ棬ԽȨΪ
ҲӰ쵽˿ѧЩѧҲԼõ˳ɾͣҪռ
ѧƵ

ҲΪѧֻѧشʷʾ
ѧͥеĿ⣬ɳҳߣӵطȥˡѧ
ȻѧѧζѧչġǣЩ
صĿ⣬϶ǿѧĿ⡣˵޷󣬽ʵ
ôܽʲôǵȷĻ⡣

ĳЩ۱޳ɿѧ۹ߵĳЩҰġô
ңΪѧܹӦڶĳ̶ϣΪĿǰȻΪ
ѧ𰸣

˹ллڿѧԺͿ̬ȡġǡ֣
Ҿе۹ߵҰĵĸоȴȫΪǵ۹ġֻ
ҪѿԻشͲɻشԱ𡣴˵пɻش
նܽ˾֪ʶҲǿѧ

磬˵ĵ¹⣬ѧΪ¾ṩݡֻлԵ
¾ǵģԱֱȻǻھ֤ݵġ뿪ֻо֤
ݲṩйΪܲĺ֪ʶô룬ġԡ
ܵġҲ֪ҵΪʲôĺҾ޷жЩΪ
ȷǴġ룬ѧѧѧ֪ʶս
Ƕڵ¹۵ʶ򻯻ԭĳЩѧԳ˵ѧṹϡ

չҪѧ⣬ЩĿ⡣
˵ѧѧΪǡѧۣϵ
ۣڴں޵ۣһһԴҵҾͲòЩ
һһⷽܺõӡڡǴڡʲô˼ǿ
࣬ǣһȤѧ⣬ҵ˵ʵûʲ
ôõġṩκйﵽôͷչϢЩ
Ȥġ

ͼ᣺Ҷͬⲿ֣ҲԤҪࡣͬ⣬ഫ
ͳζѧɿѧڱۡΪʲôܱû
á֮һʱֵ÷ǳɫǣ
˵˵չѧЩ뿪ѧ⡱ô
ǾͺĳЩ룬֮Ի˵Ϊ֧һ
ؼڿɱشľ(empirical questions)޷ش
Ǿ(non-empirical questions)֮䡣

ҵ۵ǣҪѧ⣬Щѧзչû뿪
ѧ⣬ЩеʵѾ֮ȻûеõشҪ
⡣е͵ӡûκζĽʾͽ˶Ի
⡣Ⲣζŵǿնα⡣ͨĸ
˽⣬ǿԶЩи̵˼ܶǽии֪
ʶıۡ磬ѧϰйض֪Ϊ֪ʶ֮ǹڶ
Ĺ۵͵õ

ѧΪһܱѧôͲ
һֵԴ⡣Դҵ˵޿ɱҪ
ѧ޷⣬ǿǣܵȥǣ
ܺ˼Ժǡ

ҵӡǣܲͬҵĿ֧ЩѧĹ۵㡣
˵Ķ

˹ʵϣҶͬⲿ֣ҲԤҪࡣҵȷ
Ϊͨʵķ˼ѧϵۿͨܶҪ;Ϊṩ
ϢǣʵΨһԴջʵ̽õġңͬ
۵㣬෽棬ҪǶһЩѧԴ
౾һ޴Ļϵͳ֤Զ
˳ԽеĽ׶ι̡˵Ϊ·˹(Lewis 
Carroll)ɰ˿֮ЩǶԵģÿ֮ǰʵ
бҪһЩȷ顣ҪӴһһҲΪϲ
ĹȰԼż԰һһÿÿ춼

ҿܲͬĵطǣЩڶĳ̶㲻ģ쿴
ѧûܽ飬ҲͿˡǲǽȥЩ
֪ʶ̽ḻ֮́ҵȷ
Ϊķǿ֮ܽġ

ͬӰɡʱľͬǡ
ġǹڸֶеͬΪƵʵĿѧָǣ
һȶȺϣǷǳȻ󣬶ûԱֳ
ֽĸӰ졣ȷظǣͬѧݵģ޺
ģ͡ġʵϣ˵ǶԶ֪Ϊ
Ѿıǵ۵ʱ룬ѾֹڿѧӰ
Ĺ۵ˡ

ҳϣҺܸ˵֪ͬ⡰Ϊʲôܱûкáһÿ
ѧش⡣ǣһϣ˵ģΪʲô
ʵǡô⡣Ƿͬ⣬СΪʲô⣬
ٶЩͼܸͲڣԶû⣿

ͼ᣺ڿֻʵ⣬δĿѧش
ĿԣȾͶųǿ϶Ǽ޴顣ǣԿѧ
ԶǡʣͬҲǺҪġǿܻذ
Ҫѧ⽻ѧȥˡ

ᵽͬǸܺõӡͬ⣬鿴Ǵ
Ҫɣʱ˼뷽ʽйءǣڶıǣΪѧ
ʾͬΪȫȻġԽûԵĸӰ족
ѧиݵġǡ޺ġˣǿԵóۣ˵
ǴġȴǰѧĺͿѧıⷽʽŪˡ
ͬڵǿԱܵģΪѧɡȷ⣬
ֻֽӰԼΪǷȻ򵥵⡣磬
˵ǿΪȻΪһֽϵĺôǣ
˵ֻͬʱҲǳŬǿ˵ЩǿΪȷһһ
εأǺǵЩǿƵ˵Ҳڶżҵ
ϡѧʾĳЩΪʽȻԣΪ˼ṩϢ
ܾ˼ĽۡǱһ˵ϿĳһЩ
ɿѧҶѧشһ飻ǹؽ
ѧңһ¡

˹ҵٴ˵ǵֻǺ΢ġģ
ˣг£ǿԸıѧԡǣΪ
ѧԸı߾ǵĵ磬κһ˼˵
˽⵽żһѧʵıԴΪġԵġǴ
ңڲͬǲһģ˵Щͨ
ѧϰõģѧĶһЩǸձ
ģһһѧķ롣عڵжϣ
̫׵־֮ĳЩҾЩǺ
ɵġ

뻻⡣ҳҺܸܹͬ⡰Ϊʲôܱûкáһ
ɿѧش⡣ǣһָһ˵Ҫ˵Ψһ
ġΪʲô⣬ʵǡô⡣ͬ

Ҿٸø㡣ѧҿ1595شһ
ҪġΪʲô⣺Ϊʲôǣţ
ͼʽ塣ЩıɳһһΡıεһ
һɵģЩҲӦΪ
ǵԲġЩ÷ЩǵĹ켣Ʋ⣬̫
ԾڸϱΪϵ۵־ķӳ

ΪʲôǸʱģΪĴ𰸽ʾͼ
ڣ֪ûġǲ֪ǵֹ
̫ϵҲΨһģһġҪǾͳˣ
ǵ̫ϵôЩǷӵģĴ𰸣
ҲѰϵƵṩڣ
Ϊʲôⲻˡô ҼȻٶͼ
ʵȱݵģ ΪʲôҲͱúˡ

ͼ᣺Ҳ֪Ǽ»Ǽ£ѧûʲô΢
ķǡġȻѧ۵Ѿߵ˫ܴﵽ
㣬ڣ̸̸ô롰Ϊʲô֮ɡ

ͬأҲͬܶ˵ҴͲ
۵㣬ΪڽѧΪۡôǰ̸ۡΪʲô
⣬֮ûгͻ֮ûô׷ֽÿġ
һͽƣϵܹ͸ղΪʲôһ죬ô
ȻҲۼôΪӵĹϵĽɫǣ
Ҳŵ˵еġΪʲôⶼֻܱΪô⡣
ԲģΪӣΪĳ˵ܹõ
Ϊʲôġԭġ

ЩִѧҺͿѧҰΪһ鹹һ롣
ΪΪͣڡôϣ˵
ôϢϢΪġ

ǣҪ˵ĳЩΪʲôΪ׽˶ңһ
ѧϵĽͲǸĽ͡ʵȻҲҪһ
õġΪʲôȷӸ˵񾭴ͺɶ
ͷŵĲﻯѧĺѧĹ۵һģȷǸ
⡣ǣۼ־ʱЩʾģй
ɵһЩļٶǴġǣǲûȥţһ
ѧʹȫûбҪȥһйΪġΪʲô⡣Щ
ĴӦưĶѵֻλѵ·
ҽһԻвûκԭ򣬶ֻΪĴԾҪ


˹ҵȻеһĶԻҲҡΪʲô
ԭ򡣵ǣ֪ҵоһЩڵ̣Щ
ʹǸеĳЩѧϵĻѧϵĻǼ顣
룬ұתһʣΪʲô(ԭҵġΪʲô⣡) 
Ϊư齫ԶܱԭΪ񾭼ﻯѧӦ
ǲܵģζڴġʡ米󣬱ȻĳЩ
ǵʶ룬ҿκεĸ˵ġ
ǿ϶Ѿĺܶѧ֪ʶںܶೡϣ
ȺġĴΪһֻĳЩ
ĳЩΪȫϽ߼һ£Щ
ں۱оΪĳһֽܱ⿪Ϊ
ѧϵķӦ΢۵ıно󲢲һֵ
Ծ

ʵʵĽǶǣڿԤδ̫ѵ
顣ңԶǼѵ顣ǣ˽飬
ʹʹáԶһʱеӡĳϣȻδų
飬ǲɱҪġˣĿǰ޷ܹ
зӵƶұȡƽһЩͳ
ʵΪǣҲôһ죬˭֪أ

ͼ᣺ȷ˭֪أҲΪʲôѧбҪĳһܳΪ
ĶĿԡǣѧҲͬбҪ޵ֿ
ԡ

ҲΪгȻѧоĶ֮⣬κǣ
Ϊܷѧѧõͣұʾɡڿͷ
˵ǶЩͬɵģǹ
һ˸ӵϵͳ³ʶ֮޷ͨ첣ɫӺͷӵ
ĻɷֶõĶ٣ΪǲܵġҺܸˣ
ѧкܶǣֱɹ֮ǰΪӦò
ҪΨһǿѧ⣬ⶼ
ЩǶԵģǽĶԻҲ

˹ôǿһЩϵһǵĶԻˡ
룬ܶ˻ΪҵĺܶԻѡǣΣ
ȥԣǾͲ֪ѧܷʵṩһȫλ
ͼҶͬȻʵʵеһУֻڿѧ
ܹôЧذ˽ʵֹ۳̶ͬһֱԿ
ѧĽչеֽ̾չͨϵضȻⲢÿѧʵ
شЩʵֵġԤڣййԵõ
ش𣬶ǿѧҵ˼ĵԭڡصĶǾ
˼Ķĳһ죬ͻȻѾҲܱش
ʱҲܹԻʱһǼܱ˵顣
ҳԾʵǣĳЩôԼɹܺߡ
ǰ浱һҲѾµؽӽʵ̽
ǵʶ̵ļޡ֮ǽֻõţǸ
ҲǸɿġ

(δԭ)

(XYS20120918)

˿(www.xys.org)(xys7.dxiong.com)(xys.ebookdiy.com)(xys2.dropin.org)

åӻ

ߣΰ

ԡϽֱﰮеʱһЩԵ֪ʶӳ
һԣåӻ仰˹Ϊ
˭˵ġ

Ļ仰¬˵ģƺ¬˼ҡĴ
󡣵ʵԳӵýĻ˵Ǽᶨġë
ȨӢѶԼѷΪʲôһλɡ˵
ѡأ

Ϊ˱ȡ壬ûصԭʷﾳλȤӢ
˴󺰡åʱָʲôˡ

ѶԼѷ1709꣬ͥʦΪ
һʵһǡ38ʱһ֮һӢʵ䡷
˾ʱɡʵ÷ͬĺԡԼѷʵ䡷
Լѷʵ䡷һֱӢȨĴʵ䣬ֱ150ţӢ
ʵ䡷Ž档

һĴǣдԼѷһֿѰ˹
ȥ󣬳ˡԼѷⲿ־ԼѷԸ
м˲Լѷ˵ŵĶԻоͰǽ
ԡåӻ

߰˹ȻԼѷϵУι۵㲢ͬ
ѧо߶ΪԼѷδﴫĹ۵㣬ֻ
ժ¼ֻƬŰ˹ĸ˹۵㡣

ôǳ׷Լѷдµ¡Լѷ
һдĲᣬеһᡶ۰ߡThe Patriot
塣ƪĵĳʱ1774꣬һ417գԼѷ˵
åӻĹ۵㡣Լѷо˵Щʲô

۰ߡĸǡӢѡǡ֪Ϊѡսд
ı֡ڳĵĵڶȻαдһȥֵѡ
Ŀ񻶼ڡҪ۾ãҪѡˣ

Լѷûд˵һǰ
PatriotûʸϯλţӢѡ
ð䰮ߣ԰ҪЮ⣬˵Σš

Ҳ˵Լѷ԰壡˵һ㻹
˵ð䰮˭

᲻ѧƷԼѷûдκڻָվ
εˡ˹Mr. Wilkes˹˭أӢ
ѡԱ˺дһɫʫзʫԺõ
ӢԺʶݵʱӢɣɫΥΪҪ
ġ˹ŷѣӢΪӷ

˹ڰǷһƨծծ׷֡1768꣬
صӢЦԷǵǣ˹ƾԼɿȻٴξѡ
㹻ѡƱѹҴѡ׶ѡԱ
ݵʱӢɣзǰƵ˲ܲǣõֵԱʸ
ȡԺͽ̣һǧӢ˹Ȼ֧
ƣ᳷ȡѡʸľ飬ԺоҲƷ

ԼѷĴĺȻǲмһдɫʫǷծå͡
ʹʹ˹Ǻߵβԡ岻һҪѡԼ
ѷдһ˿ɲ˹һλĳ
ϵ壬εĶڼ䣬֧ΪԮĿںǡȨ
No Liberty, No King.

˹ΪӢӦӵȨֳصҲӦ
ӵȨϣʱӢӦȨ

ԼѷλȨߡԴ޷̡ս̸ɢӢò
ӡȺͱ޴½˾ַԼѷȱӷ˵Լ
ڷþӵΨһջӰڣֳ
عַζ۰ߡд1774꣬󣬡ԡʽȼ
ֳӢͳεĶ

Լѷáƽȡ˰߾ȨΪֳ
绤ƽǳ˵Σʵ˹ڴд
λƽȵķԼѷԼѷڵȻ
λƽȣΪβվߵǹͣλ
ԡ⣬ԼѷҲֳ˰Ĺף˵ֳ
ѡٺͱѡȨǾ͵ӢȻμӾѡɣ

ԼѷֱԣΪ޶Ļƿںű绤˾ǰߡָ
ĵȻЩ޵⻳ͬӢˡ

һλİ߲ᣨѡ¸ֳŵỻ
ڡ᳷ɻ߸ԹķʽԼѷڡ۰ߡ
еЩ˹λڲμѡսεˣ
ߣҲ޶ȵڱѡ⡣ֳӢ᲻
ӵκΡ

ʵϣԼѷȻЩ԰֮𺦹ͣȴ
ŨԺСϣ˹ڴдԼѷκ
ңڷڼͷ˲˵˵Ϊ֡һ
ζӦһְӵԼݡ˹˵Լ
ѷͼΪȫֻԻ͵Ӣдһʷźǣд
ƻδʵ֡

λӵоӷȵˡӢ˲
μңҲ˼ҡҪ֪šåӻ
ԵġԼѷšΪͨԸ
һŮ˿һֺòˣдһòסӲ
ֺɷһٸҲûһ˻ȥμˡÿкӦϢһ
졣֮²ۻ鼦ʽαԡ

ӢԸͨж档ġʿС˵1984
߰ҲǸ͵Ӣˣһڶս֮ʣ׶
¾ը䱾𼪶ըһֶԼĹҰ
ˣڡʼǡһ˵νġ塯ָ
ҳһضĵطضʽԼʱڣдһϵɢ
ģӢľưɡӢʽ⿡

Ƕѡ塱ߣÿһضʷвָͬơ
ѶԼѷáеʱָλɿڶԿ
ȨȨУ´仰ʱ˼

Դ۲
http://www.guancha.cn/Books/2012_09_18_98415.shtml

(XYS20120918)

˿(www.xys.org)(xys7.dxiong.com)(xys.ebookdiy.com)(xys2.dropin.org)

ԳԷȱϣ˹

ߣ

ǳȥ۲ʱʱһСΣ֪Լλϵˮ
;ǸԼõġ鷳׽ΪΪԼ
жϡ˽ûʶȻͬ
⣬ǷҲҵ˼ⷽ
о20ѧԻ͵ĳɾ͡ԳԷȱ

ʵ14ͣ㿪ʼ˼⡣һԷѧá
ġ¿ۡһͷλѲ֮¿ӡΪ¿
ȫԳƣ¿ûκѡǳ߻ұߵĲϣֻ
ؿζʳƷﵤ֮¿Ϊºѡģ
ԴڶԳԡ

1950ǰѧڻҲͬ⡣
ѧҲͬǣѧҲ˼۱ġѰ
;ǸȤǣ¿Ӷˡðߣұߣ
ϣ˴ԭеĶԳԣᷢʲôǷȷʵ
Ȼ緢ţ

һо̷ǳ˳ܶѧھ֮ңʱ㲻ǰʹ
ʧĳɹ˴·ȡõġ֮ǰѧ
ʶԳԵҪԡһܹȻ۱뱣֤淶
ƣᵼ·ɢҲǵóƵĽڹ淶ԳƵķ
㣬Թٴǳġڵ
໥ȻǺϡĹӴݡӵǿ໥
Ƿǳ̾ģЩ໥õӱȻŻڶ̾루ʱ䣩
˥䣬ܽݺԶһڹ淶ĳԶ
Ϊƻ˶ԳԶ½ɢʧܶա

һԲεĲΪÿλڷ˹˾Ͳ͵ʳƷ
λͲ;߰ڷŵþϸһַǳתԳԣ϶¸
棬תһǶȺλ;߾ԭλصû
תһתԳƵһʽתеġ淶
Ų߱һֹ淶Գԡʳº԰ͰԼǰ
ζҪ˴򽻵ΪĹ淶ӡ

ӵðˮλмλãûƻ
ԭеתԳԡʳͷԼҸһˮȴ޷
һΪԼ׼ġͷ¿ӵʹ˲ˮĻȻ
һˬ顣ѧϵͳûд͵Ļ̬
˾һĲȶԣԼҵתʵĻ̬

ϵʳͶͷ¿һɻ뽩֡һ
ʼ˵ļһﲻ罻ǣȥȡұߵˮĶ̽
˵Ҷ֮ԼұߵˮԼģ
ȡ֮ǸƲӣõֱߵˮҲȡ
ߵˮһġͲ͵ʳ͵ΪͻȻˡ

ʵĶԳȱʵбȱȽǡһڼⶥϵĴ
ƽ棬䲻ȶܻԼȻû
ѡĸҺеķǾȷֲģҲǾ߱ȫĿռƽƺ
תԳԡ㹻ȴ֮ҺͻȻ̳ɹ壬ֻܳضľ
ϣپ߱ĶԳԡҺֱ֮仯䣬ܶ
䶼ƶԳԵȱһʵԭû̫ע⣬Ϊ
ھвĶԳԡһ˿΢ܹΪⶥϵĴ
ķ򣬶Һеʺͱ߽绷˾ṹγɵķʽ΢硢
ʡ߽ȵȵĴڱЩϵͳûо߱ȫĶԳԣ
ȱˡ

оЧӦںı֣ǹеĳ
ҲǽڵʱͻȻʧģ1957꣬һ
BCS۵ģȫ͡о֣BCSʵϾǹ淶۵һ
ʽҲ˶ԳƵȱǣеĶԳȱ
ʵصĴڣϵͳȫԷΪһѧ
ȻʣԭǵȻ粢һͷ¿

淶۵Ⲣû˽ǽһһǸϵ˷
ӦȽϳٶ۵ΡһˮĶȱߵע⵽Ҳ
֪֮ǣԼıӡжٶӰǵھӶ
ȥ˿ҵĶͬʱģȡˮΪһ
һӵһ⴫ֱ˶ˮӦѧ
дһĴڡҲ˵ǷһµĳҲӦطӦ
һµΪļӡ

Ͳ͵˼䲻ãǻһұߵˮһߵ
ˮֻҪҲ˼ɴ˴ⲢֲһµĻǿԿ
շֵӲϵسֺʧȴûиıϵͳ״̬ģУ
ıϵͳ״̬Ϊ㡣ӳʼѧ
ͽܸŵ˹ͨѧƵֵģΪŵ˹ɫӡŵ
˹֤ڹ淶ԳƵбĲɫӡ

ʵвڡŵ˹ķһ
˹淶۵̣۱Ưʮеϵͻ
ƣһЩŵڷʱδע⡣

صǵĲϡܴ˺ܶࡣܹŴƶԳ
ȡˮĿֹܲһˡĳġһˡȡֵˮһ
ȴһȡֵˮڽ˷ֱǵѡ£
ȻĳЩطߵˮȡûˮȣ
ȴˮԼξ档ȻˬҲû
ܹҪĻ̬

Ҫĳ棬ϵ˲ٱʿĬĬȡˮ
ǱˮԭĶԳƱȫˣһ
ֲġҡͲ͵㹻ǣÿһλҶʱģܿƽ
ϢǲȡѵĻұ˷Ϊһ

ȴҲҵĺôѧϣԭȻӦڹ淶۵ǸҪ
еӶġҵ൱Щӱ
ĻãиıԼʣǵЧӦʱġ
̾ģҲǻ

ôҡʲôأһǸӼⶥϺ¡¡ع
Ĵײƽ棬һۣ򲻻һͣڰ۵
ײڵײĲ񵴡Ͳϵĳͻʹϵͳʵ
͵Ļ̬ͬΡڻ̬񵴱ǡҡĸԴ
񵴱Ҳһֲ˵һµĳ淶ӵ໥
öʹ߻ȡڴ˵ġϣ˹Ӧ
ļӱصġϣ˹ӡ

ϣ˹淶ʹȡͬʱҲƻ˵ŵ˹
䶨ǰڴڻҵĲϲвһµȡӶ
Ҳ˵ǹһĹŵ˹ʵȷڡ

ϣ˹1960ɶѧҼͬʱġϣ˹˲
ߡóӺʵһʷɺϻᡣ
һƵȽ˹淶⣬ҲеĹ
˹ӣνһãΪͳһԼһͳһźǿ
໥õν׼ģ͡춨˼ʵĻ

׼ģ͡ĳɹȻֻģ֮ǢƯǸ
ۿԾȷԤ淶ӵȥʮʵ
ϱڰͼһطԤӣһδε֤۵ȷ
׼ȷΪѲϣ˹ӱҲڽ7±۲⵽
Ȼδȫ֤ʵش֮ǰѧ۵ҵϣ
˹Ӳϡ棬Ҳϡ档

һϵʵ֤ȻȷܹԷᵼ¶Գȱѡ񣬶
ѡȫܹǻ۵⡣ǱȡۡΪ֮
ڡ

Ҳڽ10͵ѧҶһͷĴ¿˼ڤ֮ʣ
ѧѾԲϵ·ֽȻ֪ƽµľ硣

(XYS20120918)

˿(www.xys.org)(xys7.dxiong.com)(xys.ebookdiy.com)(xys2.dropin.org)

ԡ³תͣǲӦÿǲԵĸı䣿

ߣbluesea

պԵһӺḶ́Ȼ
һ͹ʵҲܸı䡣ǿͨһ
ĸĽƶ̡

Ӽϣÿ춼Ქš³ת͡Ĺ档³
úð5Sѹեת򡣡ʳһβ
!Ʒʱתѧ˳¿ĭĭ
ʽΪԼƷǵĿѧңѧҶԴʲôӦnothing

Եķڹ˵ȻѧǶĬȻ
еġǺѡ񡣲²ڵ
˵ڵת

˻˵ûҪЩ֯һ
⣺1.ƶѧ֪Ҫ2.ȷͲ

ǰģȻйѧҪǸ
ĿôԼϵǺܴԻ̬Ⱦ
ǳ˵һ¿һ¶ѡ

ոʱڣҪС˵ʫƹԼ˼롣
ΪʱЧС˵ʫˡʵϣýں
ʱҲǺ顣

ʵڿԷʵӦǵ϶֣ɫ
ƽ֯ѧϰҪý幫ءȻǵĿѧҺͿѧǲý
幫֣ҲⷽͶľӦ֯Ѱý幫
ش˵һᣬûȥƶý幫أȻ
ƶصͬʱҲ԰ľ֧֣һԻ

ᣬִý幫صá

ʵϣۿѧҵģڵĿˮƽȻѧҵ
롣ת򹤳裬ӽ裬ⶼǻӰ³
ת򡱡ûһβ͡ĹѾʼӵӹ
棬ҳͼСɱŶĭʱ㻹
nothingҲ

(XYS20120918)

˿(www.xys.org)(xys7.dxiong.com)(xys.ebookdiy.com)(xys2.dropin.org)

ձý¶㵺

ߣ
http://blog.ifeng.com/article/20037001.html

ڵ㵺ϣ͵ЦĴֻһˡνձ
ԭС1972꣬ļ5000Ԫµ㵺911գ
205000ǰԪļ۸ѵ㵺ձ40ʱ䣬СӾ
⼸˵׬20Ԫ⻹ǰձľ޶ձ9
12еġĴܿԴͬʱ¶С

ԭ41ŮԭʵĽܡԭʷŭ˵
ҸһʿڵƵƵ¶棬Ͳ
һֻϲŮ˺ͽǮˣһ˵ʵˣһ
湤ˣһʹˣ

ԭʻĴܿ˵׶԰ʱҵĸ׾ͱ
ҸԭбƵɱҿסԺĸ׾һֱ
Ҹײĸ׵Ĳ飬ծָĸףٲ֧κΡοл
ձʱͨзҪŮ֧һ⳥ºĸ
ˡ

ԭ˵ҸһΪǮʲôԸɵóˣ˺ߡ
ΣѶһƽӣһ˽º棬һ
˽ºǸ棬ʵ߼ۣ˼Ҷ˵Ǽʮߴ
Ĵû¡游ȥʱɥѶûУ

ʵԭ1972šµ㵺ġԭ65ǰ޹
Ĵܿ¶ʱԭеĴԭձͨԭͨ
õ鵱˾ȻõϢ˵㵺Χʯ͵ȺԴ
ǣԭֵܾҵʱνġźƴΣûŮӲ


ԭеǰ޹ӻ˵ǽʱԭд
ҵÿȥŮ˿֣ҹҲŻؼҡ涨
ؼҵʱұӭ1976꣬Ĺ˾Ϊծ6
2000ԪƲˡ˺ְծһתĸ硣

ԭеǰ޹ӽһ¶˵ԭ˶ǳݶǶԼ
еıķʱ򣬾Ͱѱķϰ·ȫǹ⣬ķ
ֻ֣ѱķ¥ƽʱǶǸķʣڶ죬ѷ
ԺĹʳɳñķԡ

ݱԭķǴӹ¶Ժģʱ򶼲20
ꡣͥŷ˵Ĵԭе뿪
ҵʱλķŸ绰˵ͥõˡ
ڣˣҲҪϾߡ

ԭеŮԭ͸¶һرϲɣȱٽǮ
ĸоĸյʱר˸ŷƷƣ300Ԫ
Ҳԭʱ򣬴ȥейƵ㵺˵
ҵĵǣӺºͻзˡ

Ĵָܿ20ԪϰѪ˰
һͶȫû20Ԫֵĵ죬ǽŪʲ
ôʱأ

(XYS20120918)

˿(www.xys.org)(xys7.dxiong.com)(xys.ebookdiy.com)(xys2.dropin.org)

״ٶһ ԺعرհٶĿ

917յ磨 溣磬߰ٶȨһڱ
кԺһСԺ϶ٶַƷȨ
⳥10Ԫ˺ҪǸ͹رհٶĿͥ
󣬺Ĵ˱ʾԴо֮ڡٶһĴ˾ܾ
ýɷáƵֱҳ

ưٶĿƪĵַȨҪԺر
ٶĿ⣻7ڰٶҳԭǸ⳥ʧ76Ԫ
ƣٶվҳվط˾ٱȨƷķʽ
ɫͶͨȨ710գðڱкԺͥ˫
˽˳ĸСʱļұۣá

죬ðںԺһСгָȨ
Ĵ˵ͥرհٶĿ뺫ͥ󷢱ϣٶĿر
ìܣڱԺ󣬺ԲԴì͡ΪȨ
ˣȨͨ˾ֺȨΪѰɾȼãҲ
ϷԺʵԼʵ͡з
ʽʹʵ˼ҲҪԺȷгΪ
ʽķǺʹȨĻҪ󣬶
еĴ̬ȼǶԷɵĲأҲǶԷɸȨĲ
ءԺΪرհٶĿûзݣԲء

һĴ˳ƴоǵ֮ڣȻоĲ
ܴ󣬵ǡй״Ԥϵġûȷʾ
ߡ

(XYS20120918)

˿(www.xys.org)(xys7.dxiong.com)(xys.ebookdiy.com)(xys2.dropin.org)

һΪ˰޷˿վĹ˽˿վĶ̬ؿ
˿ʼбxys@yahoogroups.com

ʼбÿ췢һ˿վ¸µϣÿµ׷һÿ
Ŀ¼ʼбĶμ롰˿֮ѡ
ʼбxys_friends@yahoogroups.com

ù䶩ġù䣬ܿ޷յ
Ƽ䣺yahoo.com, hotmail.com, gmail.com

ġ˿ʼбĵ䷢һհż

xys-subscribe@yahoogroups.com 

塢ͣ˿ʼбͣ䷢һհż

xys-unsubscribe@yahoogroups.com 

Ͷxinyusi@yahoo.comôıļͶ塣

˿(www.xys.org)(xys7.dxiong.com)(xys.ebookdiy.com)(xys2.dropin.org)

